All of this should not be discouraging to companies worried about complying with anti-bribery laws.
FORBES: Microsoft And The Rising Federal Scrutiny Of Bribery
Las Vegas Sands said that the SEC requested documents in February 2011 relating to the anti-bribery law.
The second investigation, a joint probe with the Securities and Exchange Commission, concerns possible violations of anti-bribery laws.
The SEC and the U.S. Justice Department have been more aggressive in recent years in enforcing anti-bribery laws.
In each case, prosecutors alleged violations of anti-bribery and bookkeeping laws spanning several decades, operating groups and regions.
Encouragingly, there are signs that some non-American businesses are acquiring the anti-bribery instinct.
Please note: The author is the president of TRACE International, a non-profit business association dedicated to anti-bribery compliance.
FORBES: Microsoft And The Rising Federal Scrutiny Of Bribery
Cynics might find Russian support for a stringent anti-bribery regime akin to an inveterate alcoholic joining a campaign for total abstinence.
Transparency International, a watchdog, rates 21 of the 38 countries that have signed the OECD's anti-bribery convention as weak enforcers, including Mexico.
But, as cynics may argue, it does not address the systemic weaknesses in international anti-bribery efforts, namely inconsistent enforcement by exporting states.
Many see compliance with the anti-bribery convention as a big test of Russia's willingness to meet the still broader demands of full membership.
Although under America's anti-bribery law the penalties can be fearsome (multi-million-dollar fines and jail terms), only one case a year on average has actually been prosecuted.
Microsoft appears to have instituted a robust anti-bribery compliance program.
FORBES: Microsoft And The Rising Federal Scrutiny Of Bribery
The affair could scupper the campaign to defang the FCPA. American firms have long grumbled that they are at a competitive disadvantage because other countries' anti-bribery laws are laxer.
The last decade has seen a consistent trend toward greater enforcement of anti-bribery laws against companies and individuals, both by the United States and, with a less steep trajectory, other countries.
The Law Lords overturned an initial ruling that the SFO had acted unlawfully in dropping the probe, but opposition parties and anti-bribery campaigners said the SFO had been subject to substantial political pressure before acting.
Illicit payments continued for years after Germany outlawed the bribery of foreign officials in 1999 and after Siemens listed its shares on the New York Stock Exchange in 2001, which made it subject to America's tough anti-bribery laws.
The SEC Complaint charged Peterson with with violations of the anti-bribery, books and records and internal control provisions of the FCPA, and with aiding and abetting violations of the anti-fraud provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
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The trial of Nastase and his wife started in 2010 after Romania's Anti-corruption Agency accused them of bribery and blackmail.
The leveraging of anti-money laundering monitoring processes to address bribery risks should be considered when developing an effective approach to monitoring for bribery.
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The warnings follow the introduction earlier this year of the Bribery Act, widely described as the most stringent anti-corruption legislation in the world.
Mikhail Grishankov, who chairs parliament's Anti-Corruption Committee, praises Russia's recent ratification of the United Nations Anti-Corruption Convention, which he says will help stigmatize bribery in Russia.
The Conservative-led council confirmed it had referred Mr Brown's comments to the police under the Bribery Act 2010 and its own policy on fraud, theft and anti-corruption.
Conservative led East Devon District Council referred Mr Brown's comments to the police under the Bribery Act 2010 and its own policy on fraud, theft and anti-corruption.
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