The emblem of France's anti-Nazi resistance was a cross with a double horizontal bar that is associated with Lorraine, Joan's home region.
Right-wing National Front supporters staged a demonstration in one part of the town while members of the Anti-Nazi League staged a rival protest in another part.
Among other things, the inquiry led to the creation of a behind-the-lines intelligence-gathering organizer of anti-Nazi operations, the Office of Strategic Services, which was the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency.
He then takes on additional risks as he tries to arrange the rescue of a German woman--his sometime lover, currently married to an aristocrat--whose life is in danger because of her anti-Nazi activities.
In the book, Hessel urges young people to take inspiration from the anti-Nazi resistance to which he once belonged and rally against what he saw as the newest evil: The love of money.
Alice Kaplan, a close student of French intellectual life, quotes an anti-Nazi teacher who, when coaching pupils for the Ecole's entrance exam, wondered if they would put their intelligence and learning to misuse.
The remarkable German actor Ulrich Matthes, with his spooked, black-eyed stare, burns with rage and mortification in the role of Henri Kremer, an anti-Nazi Catholic priest from Luxembourg who was interned at Dachau in 1942.
"It is only in the United States that a penniless survivor of the Holocaust and a fighter in the anti-Nazi underground could have received an education, raised a family and had the privilege of serving the last three decades of his life as a member of Congress, " Lantos said in a statement at the time.
He was referring to the emergence of the extreme right-wing Golden Dawn, a party with neo-Nazi roots that swept into Parliament for the first time in June on an anti-immigrant platform.
One serious study, by the Anti-Defamation League in New York, reckons that, of some 70, 000 hardcore neo-Nazi skinheads worldwide, Central Europe now accounts for a good quarter.
But, unlike other (much smaller) parties in Austria, Mr Haider's group has never promoted itself as neo-Nazi, nor has its leader expressed anti-Semitic views.
As a Jew who left Nazi Germany as a boy with his mother, and whose father was persecuted by anti-Semites in the Soviet Union, Mr Frankel feels able to write from family experience about Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia.
Shortly afterwards, Nazi officers rounded up men and boys living in that neighbourhood including a number of Jews, anti-fascists and petty criminals.
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