Businessmen and politicians, often bringing in six-figure incomes, trying to implement top-down reforms on teachers and administrators without asking for input or buy-in, and punishing schools and educators for not meeting their arbitrary standards.

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"It's a major success because the court has admitted that the inquiry which banned Malik was without jurisdiction and the decision against the star batsman was arbitrary and harsh, " Akhtar said.

BBC: Malik appeal to be heard

Typically, when believers talk about previous secular bear markets, they measure using the Dow (a faulty, price-weighted index which makes returns fairly arbitrary and not reflective of economic reality), or they measure the Dow without dividends reinvested (which is really stretching reality).

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An arbitrary system like IPAB lacks transparency and oversight, substituting an unelected board for government, without any true checks and balances by Congress.

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Electoral reform in Scotland and Wales has achieved its object of ensuring that a party without a majority of the votes cannot claim the arbitrary power of a sovereign majority, though the prime minister appears to have been surprised to discover that this was the case.

BBC: Russell: The state remains the same

If they are based on whatever the product owner happens to think, based on his gut feel, without testing, we have moved out of the land of Agile and we are back in the land of arbitrary command-and-control.

FORBES: Agile Part 3: The Conversation Continues

Those who argue (as this paper once did) that London has muddled along nicely without such a thing ignore the capital's crowded roads, antiquated underground system, arbitrary parking controls and struggling health services.

ECONOMIST: London government