NGOs are human organisations, too, with all the scope for laziness, inefficiency and even corruption that any group of people risks falling into if it lacks either self-discipline or external scrutiny.
Six years after the riots, another scandal exposed more corruption and even deeper cover-ups, implicating members of an elite anti-gang unit at the LAPD's Rampart division, home to some of the city's most vicious gangs.
Closer to home, the next pope has a major challenge awaiting him inside the Vatican walls, after the leaks of papal documents in 2012 exposed ugly turf battles, allegations of corruption and even a plot purportedly orchestrated by Benedict's aides to out a prominent Italian Catholic editor as gay.
Congress has the right to regulate the conduct of elections and protect the process against even the appearance of corruption.
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And says Lula deserves credit for allowing federal police to even investigate corruption.
His advisers insist, perhaps implausibly, that they can match the FSLN's spending programmes even without Venezuelan aid, by cutting out corruption and inefficiency.
Nor is it easy to persuade cynics that corruption can be reduced, even though Hong Kong and Singapore are living examples.
All these figures arose from a Chicago where corruption is so commonplace that it elicits winks, nods and even a kind of admiration.
As many Mexicans see it, the PRI was always plotting its retaking of the presidency, even as it overhauled its brand and tried to overcome a legacy of corruption.
Corruption among prosecutors and the judiciary makes it hard to obtain convictions even after the police arrest suspects and collect evidence, complains Boiko Borisov, who resigned as Bulgaria's chief policeman to win a parliamentary seat for Mr Saxe-Coburg's party.
Soccer corruption scandals last year also tarnished leagues in Italy, Greece, Finland and Israel even though Union of European Football Associations, Europe's ruling body known as UEFA, spent millions investigating cases in which players and referees were allegedly bribed, and improving the monitoring of betting syndicates.
This may be, the authors say, because relative pay levels are unlikely to have changed enough even over a dozen years to show up on an index of corruption that is broad and subjective to begin with.
Community and governance: vast swathes of the literature are about how institutions, the presence or absence of corruption (even the type of it) influence growth.
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