The team suggests it is worth investigating whether the long-term AMO cycles, which are thought to last 65-70 years, may play a part in the temperature rise, fall and rise again seen during the 20th Century.

BBC: Global warming 'confirmed' by independent study

But by the Berkeley team's analysis, the global temperature correlates more closely with the state of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index - a measure of sea surface temperature in the north Atlantic.

BBC: Global warming 'confirmed' by independent study

Just four years ago, the top 10 list would have included a pair of popular California destinations--South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa and Del Amo Fashion Center in Los Angeles--along with the King of Prussia Mall in Pennsylvania and the famed Mall of America in Bloomington, Minn.

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Before he joins up with the Carnegie squad, Fa'afili will be part of the Samoa squad in the Pacific Nations Cup alongside new team-mate Pala'amo.

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Amo Houghton had a rare second chance--the chance to correct his own mistakes.

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The 36-year-old arrives at Headingley as cover for Fosi Pala'amo and Mike MacDonald who could miss the start of the season with visa complications.

BBC: Leeds bag experienced prop Moreno

Team-mates Juan Gomez, Mike MacDonald and fellow Samoan Fosi Pala'amo have suffered the same problems, with the latter two still waiting to be allowed back into the country.

BBC: Fa'afili making up for lost time