An interesting additional fact is that though the Japanese did almost no exporting of handsets, the story could hardly have been more different in cellphone components.
The biggest drop in real interest rates has been in America, where growth of almost 6% in the fourth quarter of 1998 hardly points to imminent deflation.
These are hardly excessive growth rates in normal times, much less in an economy with almost 10 percent unemployment, with capacity utilization down from the 80s to the 60s, and with nonbank credit sinking, productivity growing rapidly, and with unit labor cost declining.