Age and calcium had combined effects.

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About 61% of women over the age of 60 take calcium, compared with only 28% in 1988-1994.

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Men should take 1, 000 mg of elemental calcium from age 19 to age 70 and increase to 1, 200 mg at age 71.

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Women age 19 to 50 should take 1, 000 mg of elemental calcium.

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The recent Institute of Medicine study recommends everyone age 1 to 70 take 600 international units (IU) per day of vitamin D and those over 71 take 800 IU. The institute recommends adolescents age 9 to 18 receive 1, 300 mg per day of elemental calcium.

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Many women of childbearing age in Scotland are known to be deficient in key nutrients including iron, calcium, folate and vitamin D.

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As well, eating a healthy diet and consuming sufficient calcium and vitamin D continue to be crucial for bone health in middle age and beyond.

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