Conversely, nitrotyrosine was undetectable in the cerebral cortex of age-matched control brains.

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The initial studies showing that secondhand smoke is dangerous compared nonsmoking spouses of smokers with age-matched nonsmoking controls who were married to nonsmokers.

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Dr Phillips and his colleagues compared 58 diabetic children with 172 non-diabetic ones matched for age, sex, social class and pediatrician.

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They outperformed 10 typical healthy older folk (average age 83) on a test that involved recalling lists of words, and they matched the performance of 14 healthy middle-aged volunteers (average age 58).

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