After running their simulation on a supercomputer, they found that dark matter should annihilate much more readily than had previously been thought.

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Yannick became the second player to be booked for simulation after he went down in midfield before Sasa Papac's shot whizzed wide of the Sporting goal.

BBC: Rangers forward Kyle Lafferty

Clattenburg then controversially resisted the temptation to award another penalty - instead booking Cahill for simulation after he went down under Benoit Assou-Ekotto's challenge in the box, although replays suggested there was contact.

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Further, the government's nuclear regulatory body "did not require Tepco to take specific measures, such as additional construction, after they received simulation results from Tepco in 2008 and early in 2011 regarding the impact of tsunamis on their facilities".

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Their simulation starts about 50m years after the Big Bang, when the first galaxies formed, and calculates the interactions of a billion WIMPs over the intervening 13.7 billion years.

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Swanson, who was inspired to go into cancer research after her father died of lung cancer, hopes her simulation will lead to a new generation of customized brain cancer treatments.

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However, after advice from one of his assistants, the whistler changed his mind and booked the Rangers striker for simulation.

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