In the Food and Drug AdministrationModernization Act of 1997, Congress specifically exempted drugs compounded for identified individual patients from the same requirements governing manufactured drugs.
Secretary Gates developed a plan for acquisition reform that substantially changed the modernization plans that he had approved in the final years of the Bush Administration.
The Future Combat System became the centerpiece of Army modernization from 2003, when it was formally introduced, until the end of the Bush administration.
The Obama Administration therefore has embarked on a costly effort to refurbish and replace a nuclear-weapons arsenal that has seen little modernization since the Cold War ended 20 years ago.