They may also point out that mergers are no substitute for finding new reserves an activity the mining giants have neglected in recent years.
Also, the U.S. government did not keep track of mining activity at the time.
The cut was due to declining mining activity globally due to softening of metal and iron-ore prices.
Union Pacific has its network well spread in the PRB region, which has witnessed an uptick in coal mining activity lately.
FORBES: Union Pacific's Coal Freight Business Chugs Ahead After Slowdown
One advantage of the economic slowdown was the reduction in mining activity that made equipment makers like Caterpillar and Hitachi offer better deals.
But the precious metal is not just underground, it's also in the "tailings" - heaps of grey-white residue left behind by old mining activity.
Another pipe would extend to the port of Ilo, further south, a centre for mining activity, which could be the export terminal for markets on the Pacific rim.
Union Pacific was no different but increased coal mining activity in Powder River Basin region situated in parts of Wyoming and Montana could reverse the slide in coal freight volumes for the company.
FORBES: Union Pacific's Coal Freight Business Chugs Ahead After Slowdown
Akinkugbe says that the main areas of employment activity are the mining industry in Central African countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, agriculture in West Africa and the oil and gas sectors in countries such as Uganda and Ghana.
However, the prosperity and economic activity seen in the mining fields of Western Australia and northern Queensland - the so-called quarry of the world - has not spread across this vast continent.
With such approach, natural anomalies can be assessed in relation to those caused by mining and related industrial activity, taking into account the geology, topography, climate, vegetation and hydrology in different regions of Africa.
They are also mining data looking for potentially risky activity below the surface.
FORBES: Quartet FS Helps Financial Risk Management Move To Real Time
However, both are now seriously threatened by deforestation and invasive practices, including intensive mining and logging, extensive livestock activity, water pollution, degradation of headwaters, unregulated processes of urban settlement, construction of roads, waterways and dams, drainage and diversion of rivers, burning of forests and illegal fishing and trade in wildlife.
Several experts in the field outlined several issues that they said point to a decline in the mining industry, from poor ore grades to declines in drilling activity to misinformation on the investment side.
By June 2004 Semel was thinking harder about mining the 10 terabytes of data per day that Yahoo collects on Internet activity.
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