Just the currently active CELL towers.
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Obviously the most exciting applications would be for macrocycles that are orally active, cell penetrant drugs that open up totally novel, untapped targets.
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For a T cell to become active, it must receive signals from another part of the immune system called an antigen-presenting cell.
Though most cells in any individual have the same set of genes, not all of these genes are active in any given cell.
Dr Thomas said the majority of people with sickle cell disease can lead active lives, provided they receive the right expert support.
"You could literally be in Starbucks, with your laptop and your cell phone, and be an active participant in the daily operations process for the rovers, " says John Callas, current project manager for the rovers.
The mouse work also showed that the retrotransposons were jumping mainly into genes that are active while precursor cells are changing into their destined cell types.
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In January last year he gave a lecture at the UCSD Cancer Center on "in vivo protein transduction, " a means to deliver biologically active molecules, such as therapeutic peptides and proteins, inside the cell.
The studies excluded patients who had received prior B-cell targeted therapy or intravenous cyclophosphamide, and those who had active lupus involving the kidneys or central nervous system.
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It seems to be particularly important for the growth and survival of some cancer cells and large amounts of the molecule are often present in the cells of non-small cell lung cancers, sometimes in a mutated, over-active form.
The system the researchers tested used a type of solar cell known as dye-sensitized solar cells, a lightweight and inexpensive type where the active layer is composed of titanium dioxide, rather than the silicon used in conventional solar cells.
These work by binding chemically to that enzyme's active site to inhibit its action. (Protease cuts the raw chain of virus protein produced by a subverted cell into functional molecules.) However, the mechanism is not quite identical.
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