According to this calculation, rates could drop another full percentage point before the Fed hits "real" zero.

BBC: Analysis: The Fed's next move

The Breakthrough Institute, by contrast, argues for ordering things according to a calculation of the needs of human welfare, rather than just aping what has happened in the past.

ECONOMIST: The global environment

Since the early 1990s, hospitals in Stockholm have essentially been paid for the treatments they actually do, rather than according to an abstract calculation, which has improved their productivity and responsiveness to patients.

ECONOMIST: Health: Stockholm syndrome | The

One consequence of Indian Railways' present bias, according to a rough calculation by the World Bank, is that freight tariffs could be reduced by more than 40% if its social burdens were paid directly by the user or the government.

ECONOMIST: Indian railways: There's no such thing as a free ride | The

According to the NAO, the correct calculation should have been 6% to 11%, or 108, 000 homes - 32, 000 fewer than originally expected.

BBC: New Homes Bonus needs better scrutiny, say MPs

So Ramezani ran the numbers to determine raw returns for four portfolios with holdings adjusted yearly according to growth rates, bypassing the alpha calculation.

FORBES: Money & Investing