The pricing of an individual item may no longer be determined by the sticker price but instead depend on how often the consumer has bought that item before, whether they have accepted promotional offers to try out a related product, and the location of the town and store where they are shopping.
This device, by which a country orders a patent-holder to license a product against its will, has been accepted in international treaties for more than a century.
She said in 1990 that she felt she was a "product of affirmative action" and questioned whether she would have been accepted into the Ivy League using "traditional numbers" from test scores alone.