When a photon of light is absorbed by a dye molecule, an electron is knocked into the titanium dioxide.
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Such a photon counter is essential if quantum cryptography is to work, because it will allow what are known as quantum repeaters to be built.
Those researchers, who are affiliated with the Austrian Academy of Sciences and other European organizations, used lasers to teleport a photon from one Canary Island to the other.
The fastest thing in the universe is light, and the amount of time it takes a photon (in a vacuum, absent of gravity), to transit a planck is called planck-time.
Motorola Photon 4G: Sprint sent out a small update to the Photon 4G this week that enables 1080p video capture and brings WiFi hotspot enhancements.
And desktop 3D printing and scanning is getting cheaper every day -- Canadian company Matterform is developing a lightweight 3D scanner called the Photon that's cheaper than a tablet.
Each extra photon represents a security risk, as it can be intercepted en route and the receiver would never know.
Their eavesdropping apparatus (which is small enough to fit in a suitcase) was designed to take advantage of a weakness in a particular sort of photon detector in Bob's receiving equipment.
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One photon in a million comes away with a different frequency from the one that it arrived with because it changes the structure of a chemical bond in one of the plastic's molecules.
Back in the 1990s, Tom Dautel worked on a team led by Kashkari to design a solar car called the Photon Torpedo at the University of Illinois.
Overall efficiency of the system is extremely low currently, thanks to a low concentration of those photon-catching structures, but individually they capture about 40 percent of the light's energy, meaning a higher concentration could make for very hearty soup indeed.
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Notably, this revision adds a shutter button along the right edge of the handset, although like the Photon, it's only a single-stage mechanism, which is quite a bummer.
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Normally, the spin of each photon would rotate by a certain amount, thanks to its interactions with the magnetic field of the atoms.
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But the frequency of the photons was chosen so that the photons also interacted with each other when they were in the gas, so that the presence of one photon altered the way a second behaved.
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The energy of a packet of light -- or "photon" -- is inversely proportional to its wavelength.
Instead of relying on photon pressure, it would enable a spacecraft to be pushed along by the charged particles of the solar wind itself.
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But to exploit the fullest security allowed by the peculiar rules of quantum mechanics, each "bit" of information in the key should be encoded onto exactly one photon, sent through air or down a fibre.
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Dr Shields's photon detector, however, permits cryptographers to use a phenomenon called quantum entanglement to make a repeater that does not destroy quantum states.
"Motorola PHOTON Q will be the first 4G LTE device with a QWERTY keyboard and world phone capabilities to join the Sprint line-up, " said David Owens, vice president - Product Development, Sprint.
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This combination of assured single-photon emission at high rates driven by power no different from a battery, Dr Hoefling said, brings QKD much closer to commercial application.
For that, you'll have to wait another few years for Photon which will finally unify the Pocket PC and Smartphone divisions -- it's the former (a near-RTM development version) under review.
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