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Though a multi-party system, executive power has only been shared among two parties since 1990.
CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Victory for Chavez in Panama?
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Under it, a multi-party system would replace the old monopoly of power enjoyed by the ruling Baath Party.
BBC: Syria votes on new constitution referendum amid unrest
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Mr Vieira led the country towards a market economy and a multi-party system, but was accused of crony capitalism, corruption and autocracy.
BBC: Guinea-Bissau profile
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Parliament, which is dominated by Mr Museveni's National Resistance Movement, is expected to vote soon on whether formally to adopt a multi-party system.
ECONOMIST: Uganda
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If he gets his way, Mr Dervis will have revolutionised not only the way the economy is run, but the way politics has been ever since a multi-party system was introduced in 1945.
ECONOMIST: Fresh IMF money may save the economy, at a high social cost
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The real question now is not whether reform is necessary, but whether it can be combined with a multi-party system and universal franchise without simultaneously resorting to tactics which make a mockery of democratic principles.
ECONOMIST: Observing Russia
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Even in the official media there have been suggestions that the next stage of reform should focus more on politics (though no one has dared propose a proper multi-party system).
ECONOMIST: Asia: After the Olympics | The