Bernard Sucher, a veteran Russian banker and chairman of Alfa Capital, a unit of Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group, thinks Russian investors' interest in their own bourses is a sign of the development of the country's financial system.

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Giacino, Fridman and a handful of other neurologists and rehabilitation experts are striving desperately to improve the odds for such severely brain-damaged patients.

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In the 1990s, BP acquired a 10% stake in Sidanco and became locked in a power struggle with Fridman and other oligarchs over the firm.

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Fridman is also a member of the super wealthy AAR consortium, a private equity firm that represents the four oligarchs that own half of TNK-BP.

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Fridman has cofounded a small Massachusetts biotech firm called NeuroHealing Pharmaceuticals that plans to begin a 50-patient clinical trial of an undisclosed Parkinson's disease drug this winter.

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So BP sees Mr Fridman's resignation as part of a new campaign to put pressure on BP to organise a whole or partial buyout of their holding in TNK-BP.

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Purported diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks suggest that Igor Sechin, the deputy prime minister and chairman of Rosneft, BP's new partner, was co-operating with Alfa (Mr Fridman's firm) and played a part in Mr Dudley's ouster.

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In a last-ditch effort to save her, doctors transferred her to nearby Fleni hospital, where neurologist Esteban Fridman treated her with high doses of the Parkinson's disease drug levodopa, which raises levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

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Last year, AAR, which is owned by four Russian-born billionaires led by tycoon Mikhail Fridman, was unhappy with BP's attempt to form an exploration alliance with Rosneft and secured a High Court injunction blocking the plan.

BBC: BP and Russian Rosneft close to TNK-BP stake sale deal