And new types of waterproof, breathable fabrics have been introduced, a direct challenge to Gore-Tex.
That was seen as a direct challenge to Google and its future in search via mobile apps.
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Founder and chief executive Mark Zuckerberg insisted it was not a web search, and therefore not a direct challenge to Google.
Russia sees any foreign project that touches the former Soviet Union, including the European Union's new eastern partnership, as a direct challenge.
The two Silicon Valley giants have been at odds since Google launched its Android mobile phone software, a direct challenge to Apple's popular iPhone.
The HarperCollins negotiations with Apple represent a direct challenge to Amazon, which dominates the fast-growing e-book market but which could face significant competition from an Apple tablet.
Our correspondent says it was a direct challenge to the Greek opposition, which has threatened to reject the budget cuts when they are put to parliament next week.
Another reason for Hutchison to worry: Chu will soon be expanding its offering of consumer electronics beyond computers - a direct challenge to another Hutchison unit, Fortress, which sells consumer electronics.
The proposed North Dakota legislation is aimed at shutting down the state's sole abortion clinic in Fargo and backers say it's a direct challenge to the U.S. Supreme Court's Roe v.
He hopes to pose a direct challenge to supermarkets by persuading customers to do all their shopping at Whole Foods instead of cherry-picking the goodies they can't buy at the big-name chains.
On the heels of a recession and devastating earthquake, his youth-oriented apparel retailer, Uniqlo, is in major expansion mode in what looks like a direct challenge to U.S. clothing sellers like Zara and the Gap.
Some antiabortion advocates seek a direct legal challenge to Roe v.
Jones accepts the Springboks could be rusty having not played together in a senior Test since November, but points out the hosts' direct approach remains a formidable challenge.
Other schools can take a less direct route, but still challenge their students to come up with new ideas.
But the only direct challenge we encountered on the rutted track came from a pack of 12 wild dogs that briefly blocked our path, and then lazily chased our small convoy for a few hundred metres.
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