The changes in the weather create a crust of hard ice over the lichen, preventing the reindeer from eating.
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The moors that winter were often under a crust of snow not enough to blanket them in white, but a mean, dirty frosting on the hard earth and wilted shrubs.
Mr Okiri works in a desolate part of Kenya, for a company that makes its wealth from a strange crust sitting on the top of a lake in the Rift Valley.
Much of this, however, may benefit only a thin upper crust of Indian society.
People looking at Al Gore today see a product of the American upper crust: a presidential contender born in Washington, reared in a top-floor suite of a hotel along Embassy Row, his father a senator, his mother trained in law, the high-achieving parents grooming their prince for political success at the finest private schools in the East.
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At the time, I didn't understand what made it so wonderful, but on reflection, the pizza had fresh mozzarella, the right amount of fresh and tangy red sauce and a crust that was the perfect balance of taste and texture.
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The crust of a pasty encircles the meat, a kind of Anglophile burrito.
Whatever attraction they might have felt sounds less of the hot and heavy, panting teenage variety than a case of dignified, upper crust mutual admiration.
Japanese researchers say the basalt in NWA 011 suggests the body from which it did originate had a core of molten iron with an outer covering of silicon and aluminium that formed a basaltic crust.
Roasting makes them taste like mini cherry pies, the interior of the fruit transformed to a pudding-like consistency that breaks through the "crust" of the skin when you bite it.
While he loves a chewy, old-school Neapolitan-style crust and suggests letting your dough rise overnight for fuller flavor, Mr. Vetri has also developed a simpler Romana-style dough that forgoes the use of a yeast starter and shines in thin-crust preparations.
Yep, five bucks for a scant triangle of tomato sauce, crust and cheese.
"At the moment the Seychelles is a piece of granite, or continental crust, which is sitting practically in the middle of the Indian Ocean, " explained Prof Torsvik.
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Where Pi breaks ground is its reinterpretation of deep dish, with a lot of cornmeal added to the crust, less buttery than the Chicago version, and much more coherent, so that you can pick up a slice and eat it fairly neatly with your hands, rather than the fork and knife casserole version of the Windy City.
However, the video shows that falling from a height, a person would be able to penetrate the crust of the lake and submerge in it.
Plate tectonics, the formation of faults and the moving of the continental crust over a molten interior, is a characteristic unique to Earth and it meant that minerals evolved far beyond those on any other planet in the Solar System.
Almost everyone leaps at the chance to go ashore at our first stop, King George Island, to climb a windswept 1, 000-foot incline whose hard crust of snow cracks on contact, sinking you to your knees every other step.
The company essentially trashed itself publicly, ridiculing itself for cardboard-like crust and sauce that tastes like it came out of a can.
Rather than begin again, in a flash of thrift and ingenuity, they decided to put the crust on top and serve the tart upside down.
Dr Duif rules out a third explanation, too: that cooling of the Earth's crust due to the eclipse shadow causes the ground to tilt slightly, and thus distorts the results.
As exotic-auto makers redefine what a superluxury car can be, their executives are attempting a delicate balancing act: maintaining the exclusive cachet of their upper-crust brands while pursuing new wealthy customers that lower-end luxury rivals are currently scooping up.
For those who wonder how Scotland earns a crust in the new global economic order, here's a compelling part of an answer.
It lies in the Great Basin, an area where the earth's crust is thin and cracked, so it has great potential as a producer of geothermal power.
It is often richer, too, due to the occasional inclusion of egg in the dough, and sport a mottled beige-brown crust from baking in a wood-burning oven.
Key limes are yellow, and that is the colour of an authentic Key lime pie, which is nothing more than a custard of Key lime juice, sweetened condensed milk and egg yolks in a cracker crust, then topped with meringue or whipped cream.
At one fetid pit in a jungle glade, he stepped gingerly onto the surface of the pool, where the solid matter in the produced water had congealed into a tarlike crust that was sturdy enough to support him.
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