The changes in the weather create a crust of hard ice over the lichen, preventing the reindeer from eating.
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For those who wonder how Scotland earns a crust in the new global economic order, here's a compelling part of an answer.
The surface cooled, a crust formed, and oceans condensed upon it.
The moors that winter were often under a crust of snow not enough to blanket them in white, but a mean, dirty frosting on the hard earth and wilted shrubs.
At the time, I didn't understand what made it so wonderful, but on reflection, the pizza had fresh mozzarella, the right amount of fresh and tangy red sauce and a crust that was the perfect balance of taste and texture.
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Professor John Zarnecki, principal investigator on Huygens' surface science package (SSP) said the area where Huygens landed appeared to have a thin crust that overlies a material with more uniform consistency something like wet sand.
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It starts from the crust and then the toppings, you know, are important, but if they're not on a great crust, then it's really not gonna be a great or memorable pizza.
Mr Okiri works in a desolate part of Kenya, for a company that makes its wealth from a strange crust sitting on the top of a lake in the Rift Valley.
The result was a soft cheese with a white crust, "Caravane", and nicknamed Camelbert.
The steak and kidney pie was just as likely to be watery gravy under a concrete crust.
It can also create a salty crust inside the reactors, making cooling impossible.
Salt-roasting, which draws on the mineral's ability to conduct heat, generally involves cooking and coating a whole fish in a salt crust.
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Resumes on a pizza crust may be considered if delicious enough.
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The longer the aging, the better the flavor and tenderness, but also the more the shrinkage as water evaporates and a dark crust develops, which must be cut away.
Japanese researchers say the basalt in NWA 011 suggests the body from which it did originate had a core of molten iron with an outer covering of silicon and aluminium that formed a basaltic crust.
At one fetid pit in a jungle glade, he stepped gingerly onto the surface of the pool, where the solid matter in the produced water had congealed into a tarlike crust that was sturdy enough to support him.
Key limes are yellow, and that is the colour of an authentic Key lime pie, which is nothing more than a custard of Key lime juice, sweetened condensed milk and egg yolks in a cracker crust, then topped with meringue or whipped cream.
The perfect specimen should have a golden and crunchy crust, with a contrastingly soft and spongy white interior -- and should spring back into shape when squeezed.
The steak had a perfectly glazed crust, purely from the cooking on a grill, although the accompanying curly kale and crispy ham hock was over-chewy and undercooked.
Try the borscht (tangy and tasty), the pan-roasted sea scallops on a crab cake crust, the pan-roasted chicken with a morel flan and the spice-rubbed Long Island duck.
People looking at Al Gore today see a product of the American upper crust: a presidential contender born in Washington, reared in a top-floor suite of a hotel along Embassy Row, his father a senator, his mother trained in law, the high-achieving parents grooming their prince for political success at the finest private schools in the East.
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It is often richer, too, due to the occasional inclusion of egg in the dough, and sport a mottled beige-brown crust from baking in a wood-burning oven.
Chef Gabriele Bonci uses 200-year-old starters for his sourdough, making for a deliciously fluffy crust.
Much of this, however, may benefit only a thin upper crust of Indian society.
At Amis, Mr. Vetri coats the cutlets with store-bought breadcrumbs because they are finer than the homemade kind and more consistently sized, making for a uniformly crisp crust.
Few desserts are more storied than the tarte Tatin, which became a universal darling after the Tatin sisters, French innkeepers, famously forgot to line a pan with crust before they put in the apples and started baking.
While he loves a chewy, old-school Neapolitan-style crust and suggests letting your dough rise overnight for fuller flavor, Mr. Vetri has also developed a simpler Romana-style dough that forgoes the use of a yeast starter and shines in thin-crust preparations.
The crust of a pasty encircles the meat, a kind of Anglophile burrito.
Another worry for teams: The plethora of new stadiums and arenas now dotting the sports landscape are geared toward America's upper crust, a potential hedge against economic downturn that has yet to be tested.
Plate tectonics, the formation of faults and the moving of the continental crust over a molten interior, is a characteristic unique to Earth and it meant that minerals evolved far beyond those on any other planet in the Solar System.
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