They were structurally similar to cytisine in many ways, sharing the location of a nitrogen atom in a particular place on a pair of bicycle-like carbon rings.
He found a 17-year-old paper written by University of Maryland researcher Paul Mazzochi that mentioned how moving a nitrogen atom in a morphine molecule caused its morphinelike properties to disappear--and also made it poisonous, just like nicotine.
These are an amine group, an acid group (hence the name), a hydrogen atom, and a fourth chemical group that can be any one of 20 different clusters of atoms.
The team of scientists blasted a Ytterbium atom suspended in air with a laser beam.
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When one is a Rydberg atom, the two atoms form a Rydberg molecule.
The idea was to get one of each type of atom to stick together to become a single atom of element 118.
So Coe moved a nitrogen atom, too, and suddenly had a series of compounds to test that did exactly what Pfizer had wanted a drug to do.
In particular, when methyl groups (made up of a carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms) are plastered on to a gene, they can stop that gene from being expressed altogether.
Once that is done, another laser pulse will jostle the virus from its ground state into an excited state, just as a single atom is excited by moving one of its electrons from a lower to a higher orbital.
Physicists at the University of New South Wales have created a transistor composed of a single atom, which is an amazing feat of nanoengineering, and could provide a better foundation for scalable quantum computing.
Over the next two years, the Atom lineage will catch up with its larger brethren, first with the launch of a 32nm Atom, code named Cedar Trail, which will sample this year and ship in volume in 2012, and then with a 22nm part, which will ship in volume in 2013.
How did two atoms of hydrogen wind up welded to a single atom of oxygen?
An amino acid consists of a carbon atom with four groups of atoms attached to it.
Pushing this electron out to its lonely periphery - and make a Rydberg atom - requires energy.
This let researchers see objects as small as 1 nanometer in size--about five times larger than a single atom.
Methylation, the addition to a base of a group of three hydrogens and a carbon atom, is one way in which genes are regulated.
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Imagine that the visible universe and everything in it was once contained in a volume many times smaller than the size of a single atom.
In the experiment at Bonn, the researchers fired two lasers in sequence at a single atom of cesium, moving it to the left or right.
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Using a humongous atom smasher called the Large Hadron Collider, they spend their days shooting beams of protons into each other and inspecting what comes out.
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This is the process by which DNA is chemically altered by the addition of a methyl group (a carbon atom and three hydrogens) to genetic letter C.
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It's not like it's ready for the mass market as-is, but it's clear that a manufacturer wouldn't have much trouble building a sexy Atom-based form factor to back this display.
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Think of it as a sheet of chicken-wire that is just a single atom thick, but also lightweight, strong, airtight, stretchable, transparent and an excellent conductor of both electricity and light.
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The researchers caught an intermediate step in the process by which hydrogen is removed from tryptamine, namely the point at which a proton disappears from a carbon atom as the carbon-hydrogen bond breaks.
Researchers at Griffith University have managed to snap the first image of a single atom's shadow and, while the dark spot may be physically small, the implications for the field of quantum computing are huge.
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Zinc fingers, so named because they contain a zinc atom and are shaped like an index finger, can turn specific genes off or on or to some point in between, delete genes altogether or add new genetic material.
The nebulous field of nanotechnology, freighted with as much hype as legitimate promise, boils down to the process of manipulating matter on a molecular scale (a nanometer is one billionth of a meter, about ten times the width of a hydrogen atom).
That means its nucleus has a stronger positive charge and that, in turn, means the electrons orbiting the nucleus are more attracted to it and travel faster, at roughly 60% of the speed of light, compared with 35% for the electrons orbiting a tin atom.
Even if experimenters bounce the beams to and fro to increase the effective length of an interferometer's arms to more than 100 kilometres, the expected difference in length between the two beams' paths still amounts to less than a hundred-millionth of the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
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