The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction.
觉醒和集中的过程为注意力提供了方向。
Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled.
一开始觉醒是普遍的，在脑干中有大量的脉冲，然后激活作用逐渐被输送。
An early strain of research claimed that when we watch television, our brains mostly exhibit slow alpha waves—indicating a low level of arousal, similar to when we are daydreaming.
一项早期的研究表明，当我们看电视时，我们的大脑大多表现出缓慢的阿尔法波，这表明我们的兴奋程度程度较低，类似于做白日梦的状态。
Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity.
加强对自我感知的刺激会加剧内心的各种情绪活动。
Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal.
面部肌肉因紧张而收缩会加强这种刺激，如人们感到恐惧时所表现出的肌肉收缩。
Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.
他们的生理反应也迅速下降到与对照组相同的水平。
Gathering your resources to "try hard" requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level.
调动资源来“努力尝试”，需要消耗精力，以克服目前的低唤醒水平。
The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem.
这些状态的变化是以激发系统作为媒介完成的，而所谓激发系统，是指从各个感觉系统汇聚到位于脑干中整合中心的一个网络。
Dopamine is released during arousal.
多巴胺是在兴奋时释放的。
Figure 2: Interpersonal Distance and arousal.
图2：人际距离和激励。
They rated each ritual's frequency and the level of arousal involved.
他们对每种仪式的举办频率以及其“振奋”程度进行评估。
This is a phenomenon about the misattribution for the causes of arousal.
这个现象，这是一个产生性觉醒错觉的现象。
The key to female arousal seems to be deep relaxation and a lack of anxiety.
而男性兴奋则更取决于深度的休息和不焦虑的状态。
At the same time I prescribed minor tranquillizers tolower her arousal levels.
同时我给她开一些弱安定药以降低她的警醒水平。
The more salient we make the source of the arousal, the less likely you can get the effect.
我们越突现觉醒原因，越不可能获得这个效果。
As a consequence, the "lie detector" test is misnamed: It's really an arousal detector.41.
这导致测谎受到诋毁：这实是一台唤醒探测器。
It cannot determine if the emotional arousal is negative or positive, only that it is happening.
它不能决定情绪是消极或是积极的，只能感测情绪的发生。
When you first started drinking coffee, the arousal was all you wanted and also all that you got.
当你刚开始喝咖啡，你只是想提一下神，它也确实能起到提神的作用。
It's more complicated for women because of the separation between physical and psychological arousal.
因为在生理唤醒和心理唤醒上存在差异，所以对女性来说情况更为复杂。
She was in a perpetual state of heightened arousal, hence the pacing, moaning, and inability to sleep.
她始终处于一种高度警醒的状态，因此她一直在踱步，悲泣，而无法入睡。
Ultimately, you needed more and more coffee each day to achieve the same level of arousal and vigilance.
最终，你每天需要越来越多的咖啡来达到平时的工作专注水平。
The brain is resistant to arousal during deep sleep, which explains why it's difficult to wake a sleepwalker.
深度睡眠时大脑对外界的激励有抵抗力，这解释了为什么很难叫醒梦游者。
An initial experiment showed that, relative to staring straight ahead, eye-movements increased arousal levels.
最初的实验表明，与向前直视相比，眼部运动提升了觉醒水平。
The scientists then used brain imaging techniques to find that dopamine peaks along with emotional arousal.
这时，科学家们用大脑成像技术发现，多巴酚伴随着情感的激发大量出现。
The scientists then used brain imaging techniques to find that dopamine peaks along with emotional arousal.
这时，科学家们用大脑成像技术发现，多巴酚伴随着情感的激发大量出现。
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