演替中的第一个群落叫先锋群落，演替末的长寿群落称为顶极群落。
The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community.
至少在温带地区，最大的多样性通常出现在演替中期，而不是在顶极群落中。
At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community.
相反，一个复杂的顶极群落，如温带森林，将承受天气和害虫所带来的大规模破坏。
In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests.
支持这一观点的是，长期存在的顶极群落通常比先锋群落有更复杂的食物网和更多的物种多样性。
Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities.
在这种情况下，顶极群落将被认为是最稳定的，因为根据定义，它随着时间推移所产生的变化最小。
In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time.
在这种情况下，顶极群落会是最脆弱和最不稳定的，因为它们可能需要数百年才能恢复到顶极状态。
In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.
某些顶极群落中也存在缓慢积累的净生态系统生产。
In some climax communities, there is slow accumulation of net ecosystem production.
冷杉林(暗针叶林)、热带雨林和常绿阔叶林是寒温带、热带和亚热带的气候顶极群落。
Dark taiga, tropical rain forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest are climax of area of cold temperate, tropic and subtropics.
正常情况下石楠灌丛生长在温带的贫瘠，含沙的或是排水良好的土壤上，放牧，焚烧和不时地砍伐通常使石楠灌丛亚顶极群落得以维持。
Heaths normally develop on poor sandy well-drained soils in temperate climates and are usually subclimax communities maintained by grazing burning and sometimes cutting.
正常情况下石楠灌丛生长在温带的贫瘠，含沙的或是排水良好的土壤上，放牧，焚烧和不时地砍伐通常使石楠灌丛亚顶极群落得以维持。
Heaths normally develop on poor sandy well-drained soils in temperate climates and are usually subclimax communities maintained by grazing burning and sometimes cutting.
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