图3：没有用定义明确的建模符号绘制的非正式的系统会很快松散起来。
Figure 3: an informal system drawing without well-defined modeling notation can quickly become incoherent.
“前严谨”阶段。在此阶段以一种非正式，直觉性的方式来教数学，建立在例子，模糊的符号，借助手势的基础上。
The “pre-rigorous” stage, in which mathematics is taught in aninformal, intuitive manner, based on examples, fuzzy notions, andhand-waving.
有多少次您曾经在白板上看到用缺少一致语义或符号的非正式的绘画乱写的设计思想？
How many times have you seen design ideas scribbled on a whiteboard, using informal drawings that lack consistent semantics or notation?
有多少次您曾经在白板上看到用缺少一致语义或符号的非正式的绘画乱写的设计思想？
How many times have you seen design ideas scribbled on a whiteboard, using informal drawings that lack consistent semantics or notation?
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