1905年，在巴黎生活数年之后，《大西洋月刊》的一名撰稿人阿尔万·桑伯恩回到家乡。他是这样描写纽约城的，“这是一个丑陋丛生的荒蛮之地。”

In 1905, after years of living in Paris, Atlantic author Alvan Sanborn came home to a New York City that was, he wrote, "a wilderness of sprawling ugliness."

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本文以奥都剌合蛮、阿合马、倒剌沙为例，分别论述了蒙古国时期、元初及元中期回回官员与汉人士大夫之间的关系。

This paper discusses respectively the relations between Muslim officials and the Han scholar-bureaucrats during the Mongolian Empire, the early and the mid of the Yuan Dynasty.

youdao

本文以奥都剌合蛮、阿合马、倒剌沙为例，分别论述了蒙古国时期、元初及元中期回回官员与汉人士大夫之间的关系。

This paper discusses respectively the relations between Muslim officials and the Han scholar-bureaucrats during the Mongolian Empire, the early and the mid of the Yuan Dynasty.

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