在全球化语境中，对于文化和文学，有两个理论立场：文化进化主义和文化相对主义。
In the context of globalization, there are two theoretical positions on culture and literature, that is cultural evolutionism and cultural relativism.
在全球化语境中，对于文化和文学，有两个理论立场：文化进化主义和文化相对主义。
In the context of globalization, there are two theoretical positions on culture and literature, that is cultural evolutionism and cultural relativism. The two theories both have their defects.
本文分析与评论了现当代中国的文化进化主义与文化相对主义，文化激进主义与文化保守主义，文化全球主义与文化民族主义。
This article focuses on the analysis and comment on the contemporary Chinese cultural evolutionism and relativism, cultural radicalism and conservatism, and cultural globalism and nationalism.
达尔文最初的论点以及进化渐进主义者所支持的观点是，物种的变化是持续的，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
Darwin's original thesis, and the viewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists, is that species change continuously but slowly and in small increments.
到二十世纪初，关于进化速度的问题已经得到了答案，答案支持渐进主义，大多数生物学家对此感到满意。
By the early twentieth century, the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism to most biologists' satisfaction.
我们只能接受某种突生进化论者的心灵主义。
利他主义是生物学术语，意思是善良，慷慨，进化生物学家努力去解释，为什么动物进化趋向善良。
Altruism "is the biologists' term meaning kindness, generosity, and evolutionary biologists have worked really hard to explain why animals might evolve to be kind."
他们认为，对上帝的虔诚以及对进化的不屑往往在那些深受达尔文主义者压力的社会中最为普遍。
A belief in God, and rejection of evolution, they suggest, is most valuable in those societies that are most subject to Darwinian pressures.
新达尔文主义的延伸观点认为，进化是随机突变伴随结构性的环境过滤，但看起来这些共识可能会改变。
The consensus view among neo-Darwinians continues to be that evolution is random variation plus structured environmental filtering, but it seems the consensus may be shifting.
耐药性细菌的进化是达尔文主义者在抗生素发明的时候就已经预见的。
The evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is something that a Darwinian might have foreseen from the day antibiotics were discovered.
一旦推崇达尔文主义进化论，它会大放异彩。
达尔文主义者认为，进化是自然环境对表型性状选择的解释。
Darwinists say that evolution is explained by the selection of phenotypic traits by environmental filters.
现在的通行观点是，利他主义起到了连结家庭和小社区的作用，是进化过程的一种适应表现。
The currentview is that altruism, to the extent it exists in any pure form inhumans, is an evolutionary adaptation to bind families and smallcommunities.
根据互利主义理论，进化有利于为其他有机体舍弃利益以获得好感的有机体。
According to reciprocal altruism, evolution favors organisms that sacrifice their good for others in order to gain a favor in return.
进化论中有一个尚待解决的神秘现象，就是为什么生物是利他主义的。
One of the big unsolved mysteries in evolutionary theory is why creatures are altruistic.
与许多其他正统的达尔文派不同，我长期以来在广泛意义上来思考这种前景与进化论以及与科学唯物主义的相容性。当然这里不是要讨论那个问题的地方。
Unlike many other card-carrying Darwinians, I’ve long considered this prospect compatible with Darwinism and with scientific materialism broadly — but this isn’t the place to hash that issue out.
进化论起作用的是我们的基因，因此进化论能产生，有利他主义的动物。
So, evolution works at a level of the genes and because of that it could give rise to animals that are themselves altruistic.
然而在达尔文证明了人类由动物进化而来后，19世纪的英国就成立了动物保护协会，素食主义和养宠物开始盛行，有关动物自杀的报告重新浮出水面。
In 19th century Britain, however, after Darwin demonstrated how humans evolved from animals, humane societies formed, vegetarianism and pets became popular, and reports of animal suicide resurfaced.
当代有关利他主义的讨论迅速转向生物进化的解释。
Contemporary discussions of altruism quickly turn to evolutionary explanations.
基要主义者、进化理论家和那些特别创造说和智慧设计的人之间的凶猛辩是很好的例子。
The ferocious debate between fundamentalist evolutionary theorists and those who believe in creationism and intelligent design is a case in point.
当然，正义、平等、素食主义、自由、灵性进化和大爱是不可缺少的。
Justice, equality, veganism, freedom, spiritual evolution, and universal compassion are inextricably connected.
按照小群突变的新达尔文主义来推断人类进化，既缺乏事实根据，也有悖于逻辑推理。
It is not factual or logical to deduce human evolution according to Neo-Darwinisms minority mutation.
相异则缘于各自的哲学观不同，所信仰的主义和对进化论的接受与改造不同，理论参照体系及工作侧重点存在差异。
The differences result from their different philosophical views, belief, acceptance and reform of the evolution theory, theoretical standants and working emphasis.
从拉马克进化论、达尔文主义、ID论，到生命信息进化论，是一个不断“进化着”的关于宇宙中进化现象的理论序列。
It is a continually evolving theoretical sequence about evolution phenomenon in universe from Lamarck's evolutionism, Darwinism, ID theory to life information evolutionism.
克拉克并非虔诚的教徒，也非形而上学主义者，然而他认为，人类通过进化，最终可以达到神的境界。
He was not religious, and was no metaphysician; but he wanted and expected men to evolve until they became like gods.
克拉克并非虔诚的教徒，也非形而上学主义者，然而他认为，人类通过进化，最终可以达到神的境界。
He was not religious, and was no metaphysician; but he wanted and expected men to evolve until they became like gods.
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