这项新研究是建立在过去的研究基础之上。
过去的研究称为这些观念为“思维模式”。其中，“定式思维”认为人们无法改变，而“成长型思维模式”认为人是可以改变的。
Past research has called these beliefs "mindsets", with a "fixed mindset" referring to the belief that people cannot change and a "growth mindset" referring to the belief that people can change.
在她的两本书《积极情绪的力量》和《爱的方法2.0》中，弗雷德里克森描述了她过去的研究，这项研究描绘了积极情绪对个体的好处。
Fredrickson's past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals.
历史不仅仅是对过去的研究。
科尔过去的研究将各种长期性的逆境与特定的基因表达模式联系起来。
Cole's past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern.
林香菱说，过去的研究主要涉及白种人。
过去的研究证明当人们撒谎时，眨眼更频繁。
Previous studies have shown that people blink more when lying.
过去的研究也表明，婴儿能够记住某些人是帮过还是妨碍过别人。
Past studies have shown that babies are also able to remember whether certain people have helped or hindered others.
高血压是中风唯一最大的威胁，过去的研究也表明钾能够减低血压。
High blood pressure is the single biggest risk factor for stroke and past research has indicated that potassium could help to lower blood pressure.
然而，事实上，过去的研究低估了全球各地农场里数量众多的树木。
You would be hard-pressed to find anyone who disagreed, but it turns out past studies have seriously under-estimated the number of trees on farms around the world.
尽管研究者争论饮食也牵涉其中，但过去的研究没有得到结论性的结果。
While researchers have argued that diet is also involved, past studies have produced inconclusive results.
过去的研究标识了形成蛛丝蛋白质不同最终性质的dna序列。
Previous studies have identified the sequences of DNA within genes for spider-silk proteins that result in the different properties of the final products.
过去的研究曾试图解决这个问题，但他们得出了令人困惑的结果。
Previous studies had tried to address this question, but they produced confusing results.
过去的研究已经显示，血液中c反应蛋白含量低的病人炎症程度低。
Research has shown that patients who have a low amount of C-reactive protein in their blood have lower levels of inflammation.
的确，过去的研究表明，人们不但在调查中撒谎，而且几分钟后就会承认其谎言。
Indeed, past research has shown that not only do people lie on such surveys, but that they admit their lies minutes later.
但是过去的研究显示，多接触绿地可以减轻压力、增强体质、并能降低患抑郁症的风险。
However, past studies have shown that exposure to green space reduces stress, boosts health and makes us less vulnerable to depression.
对于地球过去的研究表明，地球上的总物种会很快趋于稳定，或者更可能会减少。
Studies of Earth's past suggest that the total biomass will soon stabilise - or more likely start to decline.
然而，过去的研究和模拟表明，烷烃的水化自由能并不符合预计的线性变化趋势。
Previous experiments and simulations, however, indicated that the free energy of hydration did not match this predicted linear trend.
班巴说，过去的研究使用非常简单的模型来模拟出格陵兰冰原怎样随着气温升高而融化的情况。
Bamber said previous studies used a very simple model to mimic how the Greenland ice will melt as temperatures rise.
过去的研究表明，人们宁愿多花钱买自己更喜欢的品牌，也不愿买似乎是一模一样的另一种品牌。
Past research has shown that people are often willing to pay much more for a favoured brand than for seemingly identical alternatives.
过去的研究也肯定精神变态者拥有普通人的智力水平(只是他们很少有像汉尼拔那样聪明的)。
Past work has established that psychopaths have normal levels of intelligence (they are only rarely Hannibal Lecter-like geniuses).
精英学校的毕业生或许会说，他们在毕业以后更可能得到高薪，但是过去的研究证明并非如此。
Graduates from elite schools may argue that they're more likely to earn higher incomes upon graduation, but historical research proves that's not the case.
过去的研究显示那些喜欢展现诸如寻求刺激的个性的人群比那些较为内向冷静的同伴更可能成为企业家。
Previous research had shown that people exhibiting personality traits like sensation-seeking are more likely to become entrepreneurs than their less outgoing and more level-headed peers.
然而，Antonakis和Dalgas指出，过去的研究表明没有任何联系的能力和外观，至少不会在智商。
However, Antonakis and Dalgas note that past research shows there is no link between competence and appearance, at least not in terms of IQ.
过去的研究曾经说明适度饮用白酒能降低心脏病风险，尽管据说葡萄酒中发现的抗氧化剂含有抗癌的性能。
Studies in the past have claimed that moderate alcohol consumption can lower the risk of heart disease, while an anti-oxidant found in red wine is thought to contain cancer fighting properties.
过去的研究已经发现3岁的孩子是容易轻信别人的一类人群；他们相信他们被告知的大多数事情，而且从不怀疑。
Previous research has found that three-year-olds are a credulous bunch; they believe most things they're told, and skepticism doesn't kick in until later.
过去的研究是由同一个研究小组发现的，研究显示母鸡也会选择性避免促使它持续警觉性站立和减少梳理羽毛的环境。
Previous research carried out by the same group has shown that hens also selectively avoid surroundings associated with high levels of standing and low levels of preening.
过去的研究是由同一个研究小组发现的，研究显示母鸡也会选择性避免促使它持续警觉性站立和减少梳理羽毛的环境。
Previous research carried out by the same group has shown that hens also selectively avoid surroundings associated with high levels of standing and low levels of preening.
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