这一部分描写了科技语篇中两种不同类型的隐喻：词汇隐喻和语法隐喻。
This part describes two different types of metaphor: lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor.
词汇隐喻研究，尤其是从认知出发的研究方法，是值得语法隐喻研究借鉴的。
The cognitive approach to metaphor study is also touched upon, as both grammatical metaphor and lexical metaphor involve cross-domain mapping.
笔者结合大学英语教学实践，探讨词汇隐喻的认知机制和策略，并进行个案分析。
The paper discusses the metaphorical understanding and the strategies in college English vocabulary teaching by analyzing some specific cases in teaching.
研究发现：（1）多义动物词项以词汇隐喻，词汇转喻以及语法转喻等认知机制实现意义引申；
Through the study, the author has found: (1) Senses of the polysemous animal lexemes are extended through conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy and grammatical metonymy;
因此词汇隐喻在认知过程中还表现为一种语言文化现象，它不可避免地受到各自鲜明的民族文化特征的影响。
During the course of cognition, lexical metaphors demonstrate themselves as a kind of cultural phenomenon, and receive unavoidable effect from national cultural characteristics.
在科学研究中，词汇隐喻不但具有重要的认知功能，而且是传达人际意义的手段，具有不可忽视的人际功能。
In scientific studies, lexical metaphors not only have significant cognitive function, but also they are means of conveying interpersonal meanings, having important interpersonal function.
自从韩礼德于二十世纪六十年代提出其语法隐喻理论以来，隐喻研究的重点已经从词汇隐喻转移到语法隐喻。
The focus of study has shifted from lexical metaphor to grammatical metaphor since Halliday's introduction of grammatical metaphor theory in 1960's.
隐喻与委婉语有密不可分的关系，词汇隐喻中的委婉语是自下而上的思维模式，而语法隐喻是委婉语自上而下的思维模式。
Euphemism in vocabulary metaphor is a thinking model from downward to upward, and yet grammar metaphor is a thinking model of euphemism from upward to downward.
我们今天这篇文章要解决的词汇来源于雅各布森对隐喻和转喻之间关系的理解。
The vocabulary that we have to wrestle with for today's essay is taken from Jakobson's understanding of the relationship between metaphor and metonymy.
特纳用隐喻的词汇谈到它。
隐喻意识的提升对帮助学生加强词汇记忆有着重要作用。
The enhancement of metaphor awareness plays an important role in helping the students vocabulary retention.
向右转，你会发现自己面向一个双层高的空间，有着隐喻的窗口和在墙上的莎士比亚式的英语词汇装饰。
On turning right, you find yourself facing a double height room with a metaphorical window and words in Shakespearean English adorned on the wall.
转换生成语法试图用语义句法特征转移理论对词汇的隐喻化过程作出合理的解释。
Transformational generative grammar attempts to provide a plausible interpretation of the lexical metaphor formation on the basis of the semantic syntactic transfer theory.
隐喻作为认知和语言的纽带，在词汇学习中扮演着不可或缺的角色。
Serving as a link between cognition and language, metaphor plays an indispensable role in vocabulary acquisition.
韩礼德认为隐喻是意义表达的“变异”，不仅局限于词汇层，也常常出现在语法层。
Halliday (ibid) regards metaphor as "variation" in the expression of meaning, which is not only limited at lexical level, but also located in grammatical level.
隐喻是词汇教学中使抽象概念具体化的一种手段。
Metaphor is one kind of means to make the abstract idea concretize in vocabulary teaching.
人们对隐喻的理解也经历了从词汇层次到句子层次，从句子层次到任何语篇形式的过程。
The understanding of metaphor also develops from lexical level to sentence level and then to any discourse.
有些新词汇是通过联想，经历语义变化及隐喻修饰后产生的。
Some have arisen from associative meaning, semantic change and metaphorical use.
讨论认知语言学中隐喻理论对英语词汇教学的指导作用。
The paper discusses metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics as well as its guidance for English words teaching.
第三，该研究设计了一套测试来测量中国大学英语学习者的隐喻能力和词汇水平。
Thirdly, a test is designed to measure Chinese College English learners' metaphorical competence and vocabulary level.
本文试图对这些不断出现的科技英语词汇的隐喻进行探讨。
This paper tries to study words for science and technology from a conceptual metaphorical point of view.
同时还指出语言的隐喻用法存在于不同的语言层面上，如词汇、语法和语用等。
The metaphorical use of language exists at different levels, lexical, grammatical and pragmatic.
本文解读了若干英语隐喻词汇所蕴涵的婚姻习俗。
This paper explains the marriage customs implied by a number of English metaphorical words or phrases.
隐喻和转喻是多义词汇语义扩展的两种重要的认知机制。
Metaphor and metonymy are two important cognitive devices in the process of semantic extension.
提出词汇习得认知机制，即：语义变化、隐喻思维和语境效应。
It also puts forward the cognitive mechanism that learners should be encouraged to apply semantic meaning, metaphorical thought and context in word acquisition.
笔者以《新视野大学英语》选材中富含文化教学内容的特点为切入口，从词汇教学、篇章教学及隐喻教学三方面，探讨了语言教学中文化导入的重要性和可行性。
Focusing on such aspects as vocabulary teaching, discourse teaching and metaphor, this author attempts to explore the importance and workableness of cultural introduction in foreign language teaching.
更重要的是，隐喻成为语言学习者在第二语言习得过程中学习、记忆及掌握词汇的一个最佳途径。
What's more, it provides language learners with an excellent means to study, remember and master words in the process of second language acquisition.
他们的研究突破了传统修辞学把隐喻研究限制在词汇层面、并把隐喻看作是一种对比和意义替换的修辞现象。
Their studies are beyond the traditional rhetoric studies confining the studies of metaphor to the word level and viewing metaphor as the rhetoric phenomenon of meaning comparison and substitution.
他们的研究突破了传统修辞学把隐喻研究限制在词汇层面、并把隐喻看作是一种对比和意义替换的修辞现象。
Their studies are beyond the traditional rhetoric studies confining the studies of metaphor to the word level and viewing metaphor as the rhetoric phenomenon of meaning comparison and substitution.
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