在回顾隐喻认知说的基础上，探讨分析概念隐喻，并重点讨论当代隐喻理论的哲学基础。
The present paper, based on a review of the cognitive view of metaphor, makes an analysis of conceptual metaphor and then focuses on the philosophical basis of the contemporary theory of metaphor.
批评家的知识和训练，更确切地说，是一种认知和情感能力的准备，这是对艺术作品自身独有品质作出适当的个人反馈所必需的。
The critic's knowledge and training are, rather, a preparation of the cognitive and emotional abilities needed for an adequate personal response to an artwork's own particular qualities.
我们说过，“认知”这个词指的是类似于了解和相信这样的心理状态，以及我们用来达到这些状态的心理过程。
We've said that the term "Cognition" refers to mental states like knowing and believing, and to mental processes that we use to arrive at those states.
多伦多大学认知心理学名誉教授基思·奥特利说：“这不仅仅是一种逃避。”
"It's not just an escape," said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto.
哈佛大学认知神经学家乔舒亚·吉伦说，对我们大多数人来说，说谎需要努力。
Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Gireene says, for most of us, lying takes work.
索尔特豪斯说：“随着时间的推移，我们通过跟踪个体对认知变化有了更深刻的认识，并可能找到延缓认知速度下降的方法。”
"By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."
“令人不快的声音往往主导着我们的认知，”俄勒冈大学的政治学教授丹尼尔·蒂切诺尔说。
"The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon.
“当人们进入这种思维模式时，”肯德尔·泰勒说，“在认知上，用这种方式来理解贫困问题就会让人心安理得。”
"When people enter into that pattfern of thinking,"says Kendall Taylor, "it's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way.
克洛伊德说：“为了让公众建立起对他们的形象认知并确保其对他们的熟悉度，你需要投入大量资金。”
"You have to spend substantial capital in creating awareness around their likeness and making sure people are familiar with who they are," says Cloyd.
苏腊巴亚交通部门的主管说：“达成这项决议后，我们希望提高公众环境意识，尤其是人们对塑料垃圾的认知。”
The head of Surabaya's transportation department said, "With this decision, we hope to raise public awareness about environment, especially people's awareness about plastic waste."
但临床医生报告说，经常有没有快速复杂的历史与人的认知修复。
But clinicians report that there is often no quick cognitive fix for people with complex histories.
从你的专长中创造社会认知的价值——当我说你必须在某方面成为专家的时候，我并不是指任何方面。
Create Socially Perceived Value From Your Expertise - When I said you have to become an expert doing something, I didn't mean doing anything.
丹多博士和她的同事在《认知》杂志上报告说，倒序回忆法对被试平均正确回忆的事件数有很大影响，不过是消极的影响。
Dr Dando and her colleagues report in Cognition that reverse-order recall had a significant effect on the average number of correct items participants remembered—and not a good one.
贝尔法斯特大学的认知与文化研究所所长杰西·白令说：“心情推测是一种4岁的人都会的能力。”
"A theory of mind is something that even 4-year-olds have," says Jesse Bering, who directs the Institute of Cognition and Culture at Belfast University.
完全可以这么说，智力就是指处理认知难题的能力。
Indeed, intelligence can best be described as the ability to deal with cognitive complexity.
“随着牵引试验，缓解疼痛的大脑途径大多是认知的，”雅戈尔说。
"With the distraction test, the brain pathways leading to pain relief were mostly cognitive," Younger said.
“人们在饮食中摄入大量饱和脂肪更容易令人产生认知缺陷。”吉布森说。
"People who eat diets high in saturated fat are more susceptible to cognitive deficits," said Gibson.
他接着解释说在完成认知性工作的过程中，要求表现良好的社会压力与金钱奖励的效果相同。
He goes on to explain that social pressure to perform well has the same effect as financial rewards for cognitive tasks.
伦敦大学的认知神经学家莎拉-J·贝克摩尔说，研究的结果或许可以解释伴随成长的世界观的改变。
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neurologist at University College London, says that the results may explain the changes in how we view the world as we grow up.
后来，他们报告说，他们曾使用不同的认知策略。
Afterwards, they reported that they had used different cognitive strategies.
第一方面就是我将说的认知方面。这方面与单靠对问题的思考便能解决的方面。
The first component is what I’ll call the cognitive component; this component has to do with just the aspects of the problem that can be solved purely by thinking about the problem.
从认知的角度说，标注就是这么回事。
Lakoff称Loetscher的这个实验是涉身认知的“非常美丽的事例”。他说：“这中现象与我们幼年时期思维能力的成长有关”。
Lakoff, who calls Loetscher's experiment a "particularly beautiful example" of embodied cognition, says it is to do with how our ability to think develops during childhood.
Perkins这样解释说：“IQ表明了您对新问题进行复杂认知的能力。
Perkins explains this as follows: "IQ indicates a greater capacity for complex cognition for problems new to you.
研究作者ValerieCarson说：“这个研究是以社会认知理论为基础的，它表明看到人们在做某种行为是学习这种行为的方式。”
Research author Valerie Carson, said: 'This research is based on social cognitive theory, which suggests that seeing people engaged in a behaviour is a way of learning that behaviour.
不必说，人们想是否认知流畅性的玩笑能够用来使人们卖掉他们的Cashola彩票。
Needless to say people have wondered if this cognitive fluency lark could be used to make people part with their cashola.
主持这项研究的爱丁堡大学的拉斯·彭克博士说：“先前的研究已经表明认知水准下降是全身老化的一个方面。”
Previous research has suggested that cognitive decline is an aspect of body-wide ageing.
“我相信那是一种认知上的改变，艺术突然就在人们脑子里萌芽。”他这样说。
"I believe that there was a cognitive change, which suddenly put art into people's heads," he says.
专家说，这个认知很重要。因为这种原因引起的许多问题都可以治好，记忆力损坏也能修复——然而医生却常常难于诊断出他们。
That's important to realize, experts say, because many of these problems can be cured and the memory damage reversed — yet doctors often fail to diagnose them.
专家说，这个认知很重要。因为这种原因引起的许多问题都可以治好，记忆力损坏也能修复——然而医生却常常难于诊断出他们。
That's important to realize, experts say, because many of these problems can be cured and the memory damage reversed — yet doctors often fail to diagnose them.
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