很多人种学实地研究致力于此，但是依旧总是出现一些观测偏差。
Many ethnographic field studies attempt to do this, though there are always some observation biases.
计算结果表明，计算值与观测值吻合得比较好，计算值与观测值相对偏差的平均值小于2.5%。
The results show a good agreement between measured and computed va-lues and mean value of the bias is less than 2.5%.
样本准备不需要延伸或PCR扩增，避免了在其他技术中观测到的GC含量及大小偏差。
Sample preparation does not require ligation or PCR amplification, avoiding the GC-content and size biases observed in other technologies.
非观测效应，以及样本选择偏差和测量误差所引发的内生性问题对结果的影响很大，导致普通最小二乘法低估了我国的教育收益率。
The study also finds that unobserved effects, sample selection bias and measurement errors play important role on results, and OLS really underestimates yield of schooling.
提出了保证垂线偏差测定精度的观测设计准则。
An observation design criterion which ensures the observation precision of the vertical deflection is presented.
仿真分析发现无参数校正状态观测器观测值与实际值偏差很大，不能用于对电机的精确控制。
The stimulation results show that the error between the observed value of non-adaptive state observer and the real one is big, and it can not be used to control the motor accurately.
对用后均法进行测量数据误差分析加以探讨，提出可以用该法计算间接观测值的标准偏差。
The method to count standard deviation of indirect measurement value by using rear-average method was proposed.
对用后均法进行测量数据误差分析加以探讨，提出可以用该法计算间接观测值的标准偏差。
The analysis of measurement data error by using rear-average method was discussed. The method to count standard deviation of indirect measurement value by using rear-average method was proposed.
观测器中引入了自适应补偿项，当出现偏差后将对故障及建模不确定项进行补偿。
Adaptive compensation term is adopted in the observer to compensate the fault and modeling uncertainties when the actuator bias occurs.
观测器中引入了自适应补偿项，当出现偏差后将对故障及建模不确定项进行补偿。
Adaptive compensation term is adopted in the observer to compensate the fault and modeling uncertainties when the actuator bias occurs.
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