一种手段是使用微观经济学的个案研究来观察消费者行为对从量税退税及减税的反应。
One approach is to use microeconomic case studies to examine consumer behaviour in response to specific tax rebates and cuts.
设身处地的设计不是把消费者带到公司里来，而是要求公司派代表去观察消费者如何在他们自己的环境中使用产品和接受服务。
Rather than bring the customers to the company, empathic design calls for company representatives to watch customers using products and services in the context of their own environments.
消费者是否负债累累？许多观察家都这么认为。
Are consumers too deep in hock? A lot of observers think so.
消费者和市场知识部门的员工足迹遍布世界，整天地观察女性如何购物、清洁、就餐、化妆以及给婴儿换尿片。
Staff from its Consumer and Market Knowledge division tour the world and spend entire days with women to observe how they shop, clean, eat, apply their make-up or put nappies on their babies.
但这家公司也引发了一场颇有意思的争论。通过观察它的几千个案例，人们在思考，消费者炫耀地位的方式是否正在发生改变。
But the company has also produced a fascinating argument, illustrated with thousands of examples, about the changing ways in which consumers seek to flaunt their status.
观察频率和期望频率之间的任何差异都可以解释为新斯科舍省相同啤酒消费者的期望抽样可变性。
Any discrepancies between the observed and expected frequencies can be accounted for as expected sampling variability from the same population of Nova Scotia beer drinkers.
尽管如此，这些数据今后几个月继续观察这些数据来判断投资者手里钱(以及消费者的钱)会对智能手机市场做出何等反应，我们拭目以待。
Nonetheless these figures will be interesting to watch over next few months to gauge how investor dollars (and consumer dollars) react to the smartphone market.
Johnson的研究——包括调查和观察团队——显示，消费者不只是想要下载视频——他们想要在大屏幕上浏览整个网络。
Johnson's research, which included surveys and observation teams, showed that consumers don't just want to stream videos-they want to browse the whole of the Web on their big screens.
然后，如果策略消费者需要策略提供者执行特定的策略，策略消费者作为被观察对象，回调提供者，以执行策略操作。
Later, when consumers of the strategy providers need the providers to perform the particular strategy, the consumers, as observables, call back to the providers to perform the strategy operation.
某些观察家对中国经济过旺一直心存疑虑，他们警告说，多数初次购买奢侈品的消费者品牌意识不高――因此回头率也低。
Some observers remain sceptical of the Chinese boom and warn that most new Chinese consumers have low levels of brand awareness—and therefore low brand loyalty.
一些观察人士对此举的解读是，企图在央视年度广告招标之前，在消费者和广告商眼里给一个竞争对手的形象抹黑。
Some observers interpreted the coverage as an attempt to discredit a competitor with consumers and advertisers ahead of CCTV's annual auction of advertising slots.
地中海俱乐部声称：到2015年时，俱乐部和复星集团的合作关系将使目前23,000名中国消费者上升到200,000名，但是观察家们对此表示怀疑。
The partnership with Fosun Group, it says, will help it win 200, 000 Chinese customers by 2015, up from 23, 000 now. But observers are sceptical.
包括本报在内的多数观察家则认为慢慢前路仍充满艰险，因为深陷债务泥潭的消费者在重新建立他们的储蓄，出口增长依然疲软而且未就业人数继续上升。
Most observers, including this newspaper, are bracing for a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuild their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise.
策略提供者是策略消费者的潜在观察者，它会查找RFSSWeb服务，检查请求者的类型，注册一个回调方法，以执行特定的策略。
The strategy provider, as a potential observer of a strategy consumer, looks for RFSS web services, checks the type of request, and registers for a callback to execute the particular strategy.
据生活条件研究观察调查中心的拉斐尔·伯格称，25 - 34的青年平均每年食用的三明治，是45 - 54岁消费者的两倍之多。
The average 25-34-year-old consumes twice as many sandwiches every year as does a 45-54-year-old, says Raphael Berger, at the Research Centre for the Study and Observation of Living Conditions.
但一些观察家表示近来股市获利速度过快，有些人则认为市场下滑透出更严重的问题，种种不良因素充斥着消费者。
While some observers say recent stock market gains had come too quickly anyway, others contend the market's declines reflect more serious worries about the difficulties blanketing consumers.
但人们对白皙皮肤的迷恋仍在继续，一些行业观察人士对消费者将停止购买美白产品持怀疑态度。
But the obsession with white skin continues, and some industry watches are skeptical that consumers will stop buying whitening products.
部分“聪明”的消费者观察到，强化木门的门锁是现场安装的，“何不通过门锁留孔来观察所购强化木门的芯材呢？”
Part of the "smart", aggrandizement wood consumer observed the lock is installation, "why not through door leave hole to characterize the core material purchasing aggrandizement wood?"
消费者在做出购买决定时都会用眼睛观察。
另外这周关于消费者信心方面的好的消息，例如五月份主要的指示广泛追求合成物上升了0.5%，完全超过了观察者的期望。
In addition to this week's good news on consumer confidence, for instance, a widely-followed composite of leading indicators rose 0.5% in May, well above most observers' expectations.
在未来五年、十年或二十年中，消费者会怎样选择接受各种信息和娱乐的方式还有待观察。
It remains to be seen how consumers will choose to access different types of information and entertainment in five, ten or twenty years' time.
观察购买后的行为， 也同使开始建立你的品牌爱护者， 还有观察这些新的满意消费者在品牌网路社区的互动与潜力。
Monitor this and you start to cultivate your advocates and the potential of your new brand community, your newly satisfied customer's community.
第二章是消费者保护法中惩罚性赔偿的比较法观察，通过介绍其他国家和地区消费者保护法中的惩罚性赔偿制度，比较其制度特点，归纳立法经验。
The second chapter compares the characteristics and summarized the legislative experience by introducing the Punitive Damages of consumer protection laws in other countries and regions.
经济学家密切观察零售销售，因为消费者需求驱动着大多数美国经济活动。
Economists watch retail sales because consumer demand drives most U. S. economic activity.
方法 ：笔者对沈阳市800位消费者进行了问卷调查 ，对部分消费者采用观察法和访谈法。
METHODS: We have investigated 800 consumers by way of questionaires, partially by way of observation and interviews in Shenyang.
方法 ：笔者对沈阳市800位消费者进行了问卷调查 ，对部分消费者采用观察法和访谈法。
METHODS: We have investigated 800 consumers by way of questionaires, partially by way of observation and interviews in Shenyang.
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