这一发现10月21日发布于芝加哥举办的神经系统科学学会的年会上，也会刊载10月期的《行为大脑研究》杂志上。
The findings were presented on October 21st at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago, and they'll be published in the journal Behavioural Brain Research in December.
过去的行为研究对我们的大脑有什么发现？
过去的行为研究对我们的大脑有什么发现？
根据2016年发表在《大脑与行为》期刊上的一项研究，女性遭受严重压力和焦虑的可能性是男性的两倍。
Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men, according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain & Behavior.
然而，新研究发现，即使在发生这个阶段之前，大脑已经具有类似睡眠行为，知觉已经削弱。
However, the new research found that even before that stage, brains are already showing sleep-like activity that impairs them.
并且神经成像研究表明一个人在心里模拟他人的体验会激活和他实际进行这些行为时同样的感觉与情绪大脑回路。
And neuroimaging studies indicate that mentally simulating another person's experience triggers the same sensory and emotional brain pathways that are activated when one actually performs the action.
现在，一份新的研究报告显示，肠道细菌甚至可以搞乱人的心智、改变大脑的化学状态并调节人的情绪和行为。
Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior.
弗洛伊德研究心理和大脑，并对思想和行为的神经基础，有着浓厚的兴趣。
Freud studied the mind and the brain and was intensely interested in the neural basis of thought and behavior.
以前有研究指出在鸟类及哺乳动物中大脑袋与行为创新性之间存在联系。
Previous studies have highlighted the link between larger brains and behavioural innovation in birds and mammals.
这项研究揭示了孕早期胎儿脑细胞的行为，有助于科学家探究大脑发育异常的根源。
The research provides a glimpse into the behavior of extremely young brain cells and could help scientists understand what happens when brain development goes awry.
一个研究表明，大脑的损伤与青年人后来的暴力行为有关。
Head injuries may be linked with subsequent violent behavior in young people, a study finds.
另一个研究揭示了当游戏者玩第一人称射击游戏时，大脑活动的模式与攻击行为发生时是一致的。
Another study revealed that gamers had patterns of brain activity consistent with aggression while playing first — person shooter games.
同时，研究显示熟练的确能生巧，因为重复的行为改变了大脑的结构。
Meanwhile research suggests that practice really does make perfect in that repeated repetition changes the structure of the brain.
实际上，这项研究非常简单，它只是把经常打游戏的人和不经常打游戏的大脑结构和行为差异进行了对比。
The study is really quite straightforward, comparing the structural and behavioral differences between two groups: frequent and infrequent gamers.
《生物精神病学期刊》的主编John Krystal博士称：“失眠是与大脑灰皮质层减少相关精神病的一种普遍症状。 通常来说，这是精神行为错乱或者高生活压力的一种症状，Altena博士和她的同事们的研究表明，如果失眠症得不到治疗会到来更多的危险，例如对大脑微观结构上的损害。”
The study by Dr Altena and her colleagues suggests there are additional risks of not treating insomnia, such as detrimental effects on the microstructure of the brain.
他研究这种行为的生物学基础。他的专门研究之一就是试图找出冷血杀手的大脑与你我的大脑有何不同。
He studies the biological basis for behavior, and one of his specialties is to try to figure out how a killer's brain differs from yours and mine.
研究大脑如何塑造个体特征和行为方式的科学家说，人类对于真实的自己实际上了解甚少。
Scientists who study how the brain shapes identity and behavior say that we are actually quite unaware of who we really are.
研究者在研究了老鼠的行为和基因活动后发现微生物正在帮助调整大脑发育。
Researchers studying behavior and gene activity in mice have found that these microbes appear to help shape brain development.
研究人员担心宝宝单独睡不利于母子之间建立感情纽带，而且会损害大脑的发育，导致孩子成长过程中的不良行为。
Sleeping alone makes it harder for mother and child to bond - and damages the development of the brain, leading to bad behaviour as the child grows up, researchers fear.
一项新的研究表明，青少年的反社会行为可能是由于大脑反常造成他们的行为过激。
Antisocial behaviour in teenagers may be due to brain abnormalities that cause them to be aggressive, according to a new study.
普朗克研究所的科学家证实了受试者“清醒梦”的扫描图像与他们在进行有意识行为时的大脑扫描图像是一样的。
The Planck institute scientists proved that scans of “lucid dreamers” dreams looked the same as scans of their brain when they do the same thing while conscious.
研究人员对参与者的大脑活化作用进行观察。 大脑活化作用对人类行为做出理解且进行相应的准备。
In all participants, activation was observed in areas of the brain previously associated with the observation, understanding and preparation of human action.
这项研究发表在《转化精神病学》杂志上，也是第一次将频繁地打电动游戏与大脑结构和行为活动之间的差异联系起来。
This study, published in the journal Translational Psychiatry, is the first to connect frequent video gaming with differences in both brain structure and activity.
“大脑理智的一面可以看到我们行为的结果，但大脑情绪化的一面无法做到这点”，其中一位研究者，哈佛的大卫·莱布森解释道。
"Our logical brain can see the consequences of our actions, but our emotional brain has trouble imagining the future," explains Harvard professor David Laibson, an author of the study.
可在其他研究人员的试验中有了另一种解释，即克他命药剂的功效在于它能够对大脑的情绪部位的种种行为活动有压制功效，而福兰克博士却没有考虑到这些。
Studies by other researchers have suggested that ketamine works by suppressing activity in areas of the brain that are associated with emotions, which Dr Franks did not look at.
这样，阿迪那夫博士和他的研究小组计划继续他们的研究，探索大脑活动和脑血流量变化与成瘾行为的关联。
As such, Adinoff and his research team plan to continue their study of brain activity and cerebral blood flow changes associated with the addictive behavior.
不管为行为改变付钱这种方式如何最后不起作用，研究人员说，有一些措施的确可以帮助抵御坏习惯占据大脑。
However paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are some steps that may help counter your brain's hold on bad habits.
而这两个区域正是有效控制社交行为的关键。研究人员认为，他们工作的亮点便是发现shank3对于创建大脑回路这一人类行为的基础，发挥了多么重要的作用。
The researchers say their work underscores just what an important role Shank3 plays in the establishment of circuits in the brain which underlie all our behaviours.
而这两个区域正是有效控制社交行为的关键。研究人员认为，他们工作的亮点便是发现shank3对于创建大脑回路这一人类行为的基础，发挥了多么重要的作用。
The researchers say their work underscores just what an important role Shank3 plays in the establishment of circuits in the brain which underlie all our behaviours.
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