结论已成功地构建了人胰岛素基因的植物细胞表达载体。
Conclusion The vector for expression of human insulin in plant cells was successfully constructed.
重组人胰岛素基因逆转录病毒载体质粒应用于活体动物是安全的。
The application to rats of recombinant human insulin gene retroviral vector plasmid mutated in three place with physiological regulatory element constructed by us was safe.
这种抑制作用就是为什么胰岛素基因在胰岛腺中试开启的而在大脑中是关闭的。
This silencing is why the DNA for, say, insulin is turned off in brain cells but active in pancreas cells.
结论：胰岛素基因启动子突变可能不是中国人2型糖尿病的重要遗传因素。
Therefore mutation of insulin gene promoter might not be a major genetic factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients.
目的：研究长期酒精摄入对大鼠血糖、血清胰岛素及胰岛素基因表达影响。
Objective:To study the effect of chronic ethanol intake on plasma glucose, plasma insulin and pancreas insulin mRNA expression in rats.
如果刺激时间延长到14天，非生理浓度葡萄糖均表现为胰岛素基因的抑制作用。
When islets were stimulated as long as 14 days, all non-physiologic concentrations of glucose showed suppressive effects in insulin gene expression in a dose-dependent manner.
而寻找理想的胰岛素基因表达调控方案，是目前胰岛素基因治疗的主要研究方向。
And nowadays, seeking for an ideal regulation scheme for the insulin gene expression has become the main direction of the research on the insulin gene therapy.
他们将人类胰岛素基因植入普通的红花植物中即可产出胰岛素，但成本只是一小部分。
They inserted the human insulin gene into the common safflower plant, which churns out the drug for a fraction of the cost.
留取胰腺标本分别测定胰腺内TG、FFA、胰岛素含量以及胰岛素基因表达水平。
The fasting plasma FFA, TG and the FFA, TG, insulin content and insulin gene expression in pancreas were measured.
结论：构建的重组人胰岛素基因具有随培养液中葡萄糖浓度升高调节胰岛素分泌的能力。
Conclusion: the recombinant human insulin gene could regulate the insulin secretion with the increase of glucose concentration in vitro.
主要观察指标：胰岛素基因在幼仓鼠肾细胞中整合和表达的结果，以及注射前后血糖的变化。
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The integration and expression of insulin gene in BHK cells and the changes of blood glucose before and after injection were mainly observed.
我们的结果表明胰岛素基因可以通过尾静脉高压注射高效转移到糖尿病小鼠肝脏中，获得高水平表达。
Our results suggested that insulin gene could be efficiently transferred into the liver of the diabetic mice via rapid tail vein injection and resulted in high level of insulin expression.
结论：GLP鄄1可促进大鼠胰岛细胞胰岛素基因的表达和蛋白的分泌，对大鼠胰岛细胞亦有明显的促增殖作用。
Conclusion: GLP-1 can not only increase the insulin gene expression and insulin secretion, but also stimulate the proliferation of islet cells.
这些基因中有许多产生的蛋白质可以改善人体的血糖调节和胰岛素水平，因此它们与改善的代谢健康有关。
Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health.
众所周知，饮食不健康或缺乏锻炼更易导致胰岛素阻抗，所以有假设说，这些情况会改变譬如pgc - 1这样的基因上的外遗传标签。
It is well known that poor diet and lack of exercise make insulin resistance more likely, so one hypothesis is that these things change the epigenetic marks on genes such as PGC-1 alpha.
例如，基因对于胰岛素增长因子能够导致肌肉量的增加。
For example, genes for insulin-like growth factor could enhance muscle mass.
研究人员发现了一些人已经发生了极少量的基因变异，这种变异减少了细胞对某种生长激素（即，胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1)）的使用。
Researchers have discovered that some people have a rare genetic mutation that decreases their cells' use of a particular growth hormone: insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).
Church回忆第一次见到了质粒和基因序列的情形-青霉素酶和胰岛素，阻遏物和干扰素。
Church recalls seeing plasmid and gene sequences for the first time-penicillinase and insulin, the lac repressor and interferon.
它们可不附加任何基因而被诱导为胚胎样细胞，然后变为胰岛素分泌细胞，加里卡诺说此方法比其它方法更少的诱发恶性肿瘤。
They can be coaxed into an embryonic-like state without any additional genes, and after becoming insulin-producing cells, they produce less cancer than other methods, according to Gallicano.
如果你观察普通人群，调查多少比例的人有[胰岛素类生长因子2基因编码甲基化的缺陷]，大概是百分之5。
If you look in the normal population and ask what fraction of people have [a defect in methylation in the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor 2] it's about 5 percent.
有这种基因突变的人身体对胰岛素的需要非常小，所以不得糖尿病。
The mutation seems to prevent diabetes by allowing people to get by on very low levels of insulin, Long says.
“包括体重和胰岛素水平在内的所有代谢行为之间都有紧密的联系，并且这种联系是建立在基因的基础上的。” 关于基因行为的这一论点由此得到了进一步的证实。
The findings further corroborate existing evidence that metabolic traits — everything from weight to insulin levels are interrelated — and that those relationships have a genetic component.
基因修改过不能合成神经酰胺的动物在吃药的情况下也和正常动物一样，不会产生胰岛素抵抗。
Animals genetically altered in a way that limited their synthesis of ceramide didn't become insulin resistant when taking the drug as normal animals did.
他们发现了四个新的与胰岛素分泌和胰腺发育有关的新的基因区域。
They found four new areas that appear involved in insulin secretion and pancreatic development.
结论在胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素敏感组，脂肪组织比肌肉的基因表达存在更多差异。
CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue gene expression showed more differences between insulin-resistant versus insulin-sensitive groups than the expression of genes in muscle.
目的观察与BMI匹配的非糖尿病胰岛素抵抗个体相比，胰岛素敏感个体皮下脂肪和骨骼肌基因表达谱的变化。
To determine altered gene expression profiles in subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle from nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals compared with insulin-sensitive individuals matched for BMI.
目的探讨大多功能蛋白酶（LMP）2基因多态性与胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）及DR3基因的关系。
Objective To investigate the relationship of polymorphism of large multifunctional protease (LMP) 2 genes to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and DR3 gene.
目的探讨大多功能蛋白酶（LMP）2基因多态性与胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）及DR3基因的关系。
Objective To investigate the relationship of polymorphism of large multifunctional protease (LMP) 2 genes to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and DR3 gene.
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