研究表明其保护效应与蛋白激酶C（PKC）和胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）有关。
It has been shown that its protective effect is related to protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK).
受体是位于质膜或细胞内能与胞外信号物质结合并能引起特定生物效应的大分子物质。
It lies in adipose membrane or cell and it can bind signal substance out of cell.
包括新生时期在内的胞外信号会影响染色体的修饰，从而调控和代谢相关的基因表达，进而影响到我们代谢综合征的易感性。
Chromatin modifications in response to extracellular cues, including during early life, regulate metabolic gene expression and may contribute to metabolic disease susceptibility.
钙不仅是果树生长发育所必需的一种大量元素，更重要的是作为胞外信号和胞内生理生化反应的第二信使，参与果树生长和发育的调控。
Calcium is not only a necessary element, but also the second messenger of signal out of cell and physiological and biochemical reaction in cell, regulating the growth and development of fruit trees.
他们通过许多信号途径将胞外刺激转导或是转化成胞内信号，包括神经递质，光，激素，脂质和蛋白质。
They transduce or convert extracellular stimuli into intracellular signals through a number of signaling pathways, including neurotransmitters, light, hormones, lipids, and proteins.
他们通过许多信号途径将胞外刺激转导或是转化成胞内信号，包括神经递质，光，激素，脂质和蛋白质。
They transduce or convert extracellular stimuli into intracellular signals through a number of signaling pathways, including neurotransmitters, light, hormones, lipids, and proteins.
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