肝炎是一种专门感染肝脏的病毒，所以病毒通常都有细胞特异性。
Hepatitis is a virus that specifically affects the liver, so viruses are often specific to certain kinds of cells.
目的是探讨母胎细胞转运与乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）宫内感染的关系。
The objective is to study the relationship between fetomaternal cellular traffic and hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine infection.
都有哪些不同的肝炎病毒？
问：都有哪些不同的肝炎病毒？
答：科学家们已经识别出五种截然不同的肝炎病毒并以甲、乙、丙、丁、戊型作为辨识。虽然它们都会引起肝病，但在重要方面又有所不同。
A: Scientists have identified five unique hepatitis viruses, identified by the letters a, b, c, d, and E. While all cause liver disease, they vary in important ways.
科学家们已经识别出五种截然不同的肝炎病毒并以甲、乙、丙、丁、戊型作为辨识。虽然它们都会引起肝病，但在重要方面又有所不同。
Scientists have identified five unique hepatitis viruses, identified by the letters A, B, C, D, and E. While all cause liver disease, they vary in important ways.
Yanik和Angel知道有些RNA病毒，包括丙型肝炎病毒，都能够成功躲过那种自卫反应。
Yanik and Angel knew that some RNA viruses, including hepatitis C, can successfully suppress that defensive response.
乙型肝炎病毒(造成肝炎，慢性肝炎可导致肝癌)。
Hepatitis B virus (causes hepatitis and chronic cases may lead to cancer of the liver).
人类感染乙肝和丙肝肝炎病毒的最严重的结果是肝癌。
The most serious consequence of hepatitis B and C infection in humans is liver cancer.
但是有些很出名的例子，例如艾滋病毒和肝炎病毒都会产生很多变种。
There are, however, celebrated cases, such as HIV and hepatitis c, which also undergo a lot of change.
这是情有可原的。 再往前两年，在得知自己幼时因注射被污染的凝血药物而感染丙型肝炎病毒后，她放弃了上大学的机会。
She had already abandoned her university studies two years earlier after discovering that she had been infected with hepatitis C as a baby, via a tainted blood-clotting agent.
乙型肝炎病毒的传染性比艾滋病毒强50至100倍。
The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.
目前该研究有了进一步的进展，他们可以替代足够的人类肝脏细胞到小鼠肝上，在暴露于肝炎病毒时可致广泛的肝炎。
The present study went one step further-they could replace enough cells to cause widespread hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) after exposure to the virus.
该地区大多数人在儿童时期即已感染乙型肝炎病毒。
Most people in the region become infected with HBV during childhood.
乙型肝炎病毒在感染后30至60天即可发现，持续时间差别很大。
HBV may be detected 30 to 60 days after infection and persist for widely variable periods of time.
大多数感染病例仅有轻微症状，大部分人会完全康复并在未来保持对甲型肝炎病毒的免疫力。
Infections are in many cases mild, with most people making a full recovery and remaining immune from further HAV infections.
那些得了丙型肝炎的病患，他们所得的就是一种潜在致死性的肝炎病毒，他们除了支付昂贵的费用以外已经没有能力得到保险了。
People who became infected with hepatitis c, a potentially lethal liver virus, have been unable to get insurance except at prohibitive cost.
乙型肝炎病毒的传染性比艾滋病毒强50-100倍，乙型肝炎病毒在体外可存活至少7天以上。
Modes of transmission are the same for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but HBV is 50 to 100 times more infectious Unlike HIV, HBV can survive outside the body for at least 7 days.
乙型肝炎病毒是影响卫生工作者的具有传染性的一大职业危害。
HBV is a major infectious occupational hazard of health workers.
采取措施控制食品中的病毒，特别是新鲜产品、软体贝类和即食食品中的诺如病毒和甲型肝炎病毒；
practices to control viruses in food, especially noroviruses (NoV) and hepatitis A (HAV) in fresh produce, mulluscan shell fish and ready-to-eat food;
肝炎病毒不仅损害肝脏而且可直接或间接损害中枢神经系统、凝血系统以及心、肺、肾等器官。
Hepatitis virus not only causes liver damage but also causes damage to the central nervous system, coagulation system, heart, lung, kidney and other organs.
这一发现可能对全世界400多万联合感染乙型和丙型肝炎病毒的患者产生重大影响。
The finding could have major implications for over four million people worldwide who are jointly infected with hepatitis B and HIV.
目的：探讨霉酚酸(MPA)在体外对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制的影响。
AIM: To investigate the effect of mycophenolate acid (MPA) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro.
这家公司说，尽管这种药物正在被开发用于治疗隐孢子虫病，研究者偶然发现它也可以用于对抗病毒如丙型肝炎病毒。
While the drug was being developed to treat cryptosporidium, researchers "serendipitously" discovered that it might also be used to treat viruses such as hepatitis C, the company says.
前往乙型肝炎病毒高发生率国家的国际旅行者。
International travellers to countries with high rates of HBV.
问：肝炎病毒在体外能够存活多久？
Question: How long does the hepatitis virus live outside the body?
问：肝炎病毒在体外能够存活多久？
Question: How long does the hepatitis virus live outside the body?
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