但这还不是对近年经济历史的现实描述。
But this is not a very realistic description of recent economic history.
研究电信经济历史的明尼苏达大学教授安德鲁问道。
"Asks Andrew Odlyzko, an expert in the economic history of telecoms at the University of Minnesota."
内容提要在经济历史中，劳动分工与交易的出现带来了激励问题。
In the economic history, incentive problems came with work dividing and transaction.
经济历史学家普遍认同，1936年罗斯福以提高税收方式控制赤字是操之过急了。
Economic historians generally agree that Roosevelt did attempt to rein in the deficit prematurely by raising taxes in 1936.
许多经济历史学家说，如果失业率升至10%以上并持续数年，衰退就演变成了萧条。
Many economic historians say the line between recession and depression is crossed when unemployment rises above 10% and stays there for several years.
我(其他人也一样)认为列表中的大部分书籍，都是社会和经济历史领域当代一流或准一流的作品。
Most of the books on the list constitute, in my view (and others), modern classics, or potential classics, in social and economic history.
但随着固定汇率不再固定的例子频频出现，经济历史也因此蒙黑，货币联盟不团结的现象尽管鲜见，但有时还是会发生。
But economic history is littered with examples of fixed exchange rates that came unfixed; the disuniting of currency unions, though rarer, happens from time to time.
经济历史服务可直接下载或与作者联络，收录含欧洲在内的资料，范围涵盖时序资料与美国劳动者调查等各类原始个别资料。
Economic History Services, directly downloadable or an author contact - collection includes Europe and ranges from time series data to various micro datasets such as us surveys of workers.
第一点，我要表明的是，就因为太多的经济历史学没有提供给那些擅长做计量经济的孩子们以感觉顺手的数据，历史学习在很大程度上是不完整的。
First, historical learning is patchy at best largely, I'd argue, because so much of economic history doesn't offer the kind of data which econometric whiz kids feel comfortable with.
梅特兰观察到，法律文件是关于某一特定时期的经济和社会历史的最好的——事实上，往往是唯一可用的证据。
Maitland observed that legal documents are the best—indeed, often the only—available evidence about the economic and social history of a given period.
除了在黑暗时代之外，旅游业一直在持续发展壮大，并且贯穿有记录以来的历史，始终在各文明及其经济的发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。
Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.
经济发展理论不足以解释关于妇女投票权实施的某些历史事实。
The economic development theory is inadequate to explain certain historical facts about the implementation of women's suffrage.
纵观美国历史，几乎总有至少一个中心经济叙事，让雄心勃勃或不满现状的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找财富。
Throughout American history, there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere.
此外，对军事、经济和文化发展形式之间明显的顺序联系的考察可能有助于解释历史变化的动力。
Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.
纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少有一个中心经济叙事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找财富。
Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere.
在整个历史进程中，人们为了贸易、宗教信仰、经济利益、战争、移民和其他同样强烈的动机而旅行。
Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations.
同以往一样，处理经济问题的文章占主导地位；但此时，也出现了神学、文学、历史和法律的著作。
Texts dealing with economic matters predominated, as they always had done; but at this point works of theology, literature, history, and law also appeared.
他学过历史和经济学。
另一方面，它的继任者似乎让关键的社会经济群体陷入生死斗争，被当代观察家广泛视为历史背离的标志。
Its successor, on the other hand, appeared to pit key socioeconomic groups in a life-or-death struggle and was widely seen by contemporary observers as marking a historical departure.
埃斯科特就是这样一位历史学家，他强调南方人之间的地区和经济冲突。
One such historian was Escott, who emphasized regional and economic conflict among Southerners.
美国社会比其历史上任何时候都更能承受经济衰退，从那时起，关于社会冲突的各种全国性调查显示出了好坏参半的结果。
The U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.
现在，她的职责是让美联储及其市场退出历史上规模最大、最超出常规的货币计划，同时又要防止脆弱的经济复苏进程脱轨。
Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.
根据最新的衡量标准，英国的国内生产总值一直受西方世界羡慕，其有历史最低的失业率和历史最高水平的经济增长速度。
By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record-low unemployment and high growth figures.
经济不会决定历史，但它提供了一个分析工具。
Economics does not determine history, but it does provide the backbeat.
所以还是要采取紧缩措施，历史责任胜过经济责任。
So, again, austerity it is to be and history trumps economics.
所以还是要采取紧缩措施，历史责任胜过经济责任。
So, again, austerity it is to be and history trumps economics.
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