地球之所以能够维持生命，是因为它相对于太阳的位置为它提供了足够的热量，但热量没有多到可以让早期的细菌进化。
Earth has been able to support life because its position relative to the Sun provided it with enough heat, but not too much heat for early bacteria to evolve.
结果细菌进化出独特的游泳方式：使用叫做鞭毛的像螺旋开瓶器的微型旋转马达。
As a result, bacteria have developed a unique way of swimming: using tiny rotary motors called flagella, which resemble corkscrews.
以比较基因组学为研究手段，细菌进化基因组学可从基因组水平深入认识物种分化、生境适应、毒力进化、耐药性产生蔓延等表型进化过程。
It is the time to call for evolutionary genomics which probe into bacterial diversity, niche adaptation, virulence evolution, and drug resistance from the view of whole genome.
这些食肉细菌被认为是由腐生物进化而来。
These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages.
曾经，在植物与动物的进化之前，细菌就是这个星球上生命的全部。
Once, before the evolution of plants and animals, bacteria were all there was.
然而，他提醒到，用老鼠研究人类肠道细菌有局限性，因为不同物种进化出的器官组不尽相同。
However, he cautions that there are limits to studying mice with human gut bacteria, because different species have their own specifically evolved sets.
此项发现意味着抗生素类药（比如青霉素）可能渗入周围环境并激发了抗药细菌在海洋里进化和倍增。
The finding suggests antibiotics such as penicillin may be leaching into the environment and spurring drug-resistant bacteria to evolve and multiply in the oceans.
一旦被（化学）分散，随后浮油就更容易被进化到以碳氢化合物等天然污染源为食的细菌降解。
Once dispersed , the oil can then be broken down more easily by bacteria that have evolved to live off natural sources of hydrocarbons.
我们仍然需要解释的是更特化的真核生物的磷酸化途径是怎么进化而来并取代了细菌的系统。
What still needs to be explained is how the more typical eukaryotic phosphorylation cascades evolved and came to replace the bacterial systems.
马修斯说，接触土壤中的细菌或许也能影响人类的大脑：“这不过显示了我们是从采猎者进化而来，期间不断与泥土打交道。
Matthews says that exposure to soil bacteria may affect human brains too. "It just shows that we evolved with dirt as hunter-gatherers," she says.
通过研究这些生活在无氧环境下细菌，科研人员希望了解这些简单的生物是如何进化成更为复杂的生物的。
By studying bacteria that flourish in the oxygen-free water, scientists hope, among other things, to learn how simple life-forms can lead to more complex ones.
耐药性细菌的进化是达尔文主义者在抗生素发明的时候就已经预见的。
The evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is something that a Darwinian might have foreseen from the day antibiotics were discovered.
我们本以为这是再简单不过的进化选择了：当药物杀向全体细菌时，总有那么几个幸运儿，基因突变了，小命保住了，它们可以活下来继续繁殖下一代，而剩下的那些倒霉蛋就从此命归黄泉了。
The accepted scenario was a simple case of evolutionary selection. In a bacterial population exposed to a killer drug, a few lucky individuals might have a genetic mutation that kept them alive.
细菌的味觉并不像那些拥有鼻子的多细胞生物，但它可能是一种原始的形式，随后进化成了多细胞生物那种形式的味觉。
Bacteria don't smell like multicellular organisms that have noses, but it could be a primitive form of what developed later.
研究人员得出一下结论，细菌是有味觉的——生物学上的定义即为对于来自于远距离的挥发性化学物质的探测能力——他们并假设味觉是首先在细菌中进化产生的。
The researchers concluded that bacteria are capable of olfaction—the biological detection of volatile chemicals across a distance—and hypothesize that this sense may have first evolved in bacteria.
它本身就是奇异的进化事件的遗迹(古代细菌和细胞—所有动植物的祖先细胞——的融合体)，同时，它还带着比较近期进化的印记。
Itself the remnant of a strange evolutionary event (the merger of an ancient bacterium with the cell ancestral to all plant and animal life), it also carries the imprint of more recent evolution.
和他们的细菌祖先不同，这些细胞具有特殊的结构，其中包括细胞核，和可以进行光合作用的触角。 他们还能进行有性繁殖，这大大的加快了进化的速度。
Unlike their bacterial ancestors, the cells had specialised structures including a nucleus, as well as machinery vital for photosynthesis.
然而与进化上更古老的单细胞生物如细菌相比这些多细胞生命面临着一个非常不同的生理挑战。
But there was still a very different physiological challenge for these organisms than for the more evolutionarily ancient single-celled organisms such as bacteria.
这不仅是首次提出细菌能够识别气味，同时这项结果表明在进化史上最早期的一种嗅觉形式。
Not only is this the first evidence for a sense of smell in bacteria, the results also might represent one of the earliest forms of olfaction in evolutionary history.
对于细菌来说，进化出抗药性代价高昂。
我们还比较了这一点在进化遇到一个固定靶标时的情况，如使细菌的适应机制失效”。
We compared this with evolution against a fixed target, by disabling the bacteria's ability to adapt to the virus.
由细菌、真菌和水藻的活细胞制成的全新合成生命体，或者说生物机器，将随时根据建筑中居民的需要而生长进化。
Entirely new synthetic life forms, or biological machines, made of engineered living cells from bacteria, fungi and algae will grow and evolve with the changing needs of a building's inhabitants.
我们发现细菌能对病毒每一种进攻策略产生适应机制以保护自己，而这又触发了病毒下一次的进化，形成无止境的循环。
We found that for every viral strategy of attack, the bacteria would adapt to defend itself, which triggered an endless cycle of co-evolutionary change.
他们像是微小的细菌，和几种疾病有牵连，甚至被喻为进化树上被完全忽略的一支。
They look like tiny bacteria, have been implicated in several diseases and have even been hailed as a completely overlooked branch of the tree of life.
他们像是微小的细菌，和几种疾病有牵连，甚至被喻为进化树上被完全忽略的一支。
They look like tiny bacteria, have been implicated in several diseases and have even been hailed as a completely overlooked branch of the tree of life.
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