他们发现，那些染色体的形态和肿瘤自身细胞的完全相同，说明至少一些血管细胞是来自肿瘤内部的。
They found patterns exactly like those in cells from the tumor itself, suggesting that at least some of the blood vessel cells came from the tumor.
下一步就是使得到的干细胞不再有多出来的那条来自卵细胞的染色体。
The next step is to try to create stem cells without the leftover chromosomes from the egg.
每个DRACO还包括一个“传递标志”，来自于天然产生的蛋白质，允许其穿过细胞膜，进入任何人类或动物细胞中。
Each DRACO also includes a "delivery tag," taken from naturally occurring proteins, that allows it to cross cell membranes and enter any human or animal cell.
答：来自神经系统的肾上腺激素“着陆”到心脏肌细胞的受体，这使得这些肌细胞的膜中的钙通道打开。
A: Adrenaline from the nervous system lands on receptors of cardiac myocytes (heart-muscle cells), and this causes calcium channels in the membranes of those cells to open.
这些血管对人类内皮细胞抗体呈阳性，再一次证明了一些血管细胞来自肿瘤自身。
The vessels stained positive for antibodies to human endothelial cells, again showing that some of the cells had to come from the tumor.
通过使用这种成像技术，研究人员发现TLR4蛋白质遇到来自大肠杆菌的脂多糖时会聚集在细胞膜内，提高细胞发出信号和反应的能力。
Using the techniques they developed, researchers discovered that TLR4 proteins cluster in the membrane when confronted with LPS derived from E.coli, which increases cell signalling and response.
这就意味着孩子不可能独自生成癌细胞——癌细胞一定来自母亲。
This meant that the child could not have developed the cancer in isolation – the cells must have come from the mother.
结合物的细胞核基因是人类的，但是一小部分其它基因（位于细胞核外的称为线粒体的组织里面）来自兔子的遗传。
The nuclear genes of the result would be human, but a handful of other genes, which inhabit structures outside the nucleus, called mitochondria, would be inherited from the rabbit.
由于这些细胞也同样来自患者本人，所以在大多数病例中，植入的细胞没有出现排斥的现象。
In most cases, the implanted cells grow without rejection, since they share an identity with nearby cells.
他研究了来自268位胰腺癌患者的癌症干细胞样本，发现干细胞的类型决定了癌细胞的寿命。
He looked at samples from 268 people with pancreatic cancer and found that the pattern of stem cells in their tumours predicted how long they would live.
胶原蛋白可以保持皮肤紧致圆润。随着年龄增长，细胞更新速度渐缓，成纤维细胞制造的胶原蛋白便逐步减少，来自阳光的紫外线、污染与吸烟等环境因素，则更加速这些变化。
As we age, cells typically begin to regenerate more slowly and those known as fibroblasts produce less collagen, a protein that keeps skin firm and supple.
另外五百万克朗则颁发给了来自加拿大的拉尔夫·斯坦曼·斯坦曼发现了能够起到激活免疫系统主要细胞大军(即t淋巴细胞)功能的树突细胞。
The other 5m crowns went to Ralph Steinman, from Canada, who discovered the role of dendritic cells in activating some of the immune system's main cellular troops, known at T-lymphocytes.
来自北白犀Fatu(左)的细胞已经转换成干细胞并保存起来。
Cells from the northern white rhino Fatu (left) have been converted into stem cells and put into storage.
鸟胚中的刚毛结构来自于被称为基板（placode）的微小皮肤细胞结构，基板顶端快速增殖的细胞环形成了刚毛的圆柱井结构。
In the bird embryo these bristles erupt from tiny patches of skin cells called placodes. A ring of fast-growing cells on the top of the placode builds a cylindrical wall that becomes a bristle.
使用猪细胞的好处是这些细胞比来自人体胰腺的细胞更容易得到，胰腺是人体器官，人们从中提取胰岛素分泌细胞。
The advantage of using cells from pigs is that they would be much more readily available than cells from a human pancreas, the organ from which the insulin-secreting cells are taken.
实际上我们想使用来自患者自身我们知道的可以增加心肌细胞的干细胞，但这种细胞在骨髓细胞中并未发现。
We really want to use stem cells from the patients themselves that we know can give rise to beating heart cells and these are not found in bone marrow.
由于干细胞来自于胎儿脑细胞，该项试验遭到一些人的反对。
Critics object as brain cells from fetuses were used to create the cells.
通过使用这种成像技术，研究人员发现TLR4蛋白质遇到来自大肠杆菌的脂多糖时会聚集在细胞膜内，提高细胞发出信号和反应的能力。
Using the techniques they developed, researchers discovered that TLR4 proteins cluster in the membrane when confronted with LPS derived from e. coli, which increases cell signalling and response.
对里斯血液的分析表明，他血液里极少的一点淋巴细胞来自母亲，当他母亲停止给他哺乳后，淋巴细胞的供应也终止了。
An analysis of Rhys' blood showed the few lymphocytes he possessed came from his mother and the supply had been cut off when breast-feeding ended.
次级细胞来自一个细胞库。
捐赠的细胞来自于患者的兄弟姐妹，研究者从其中萃取极为特殊的CD 34血干细胞并移植到患者身上，该干细胞可以长成所有类型的血细胞。
The donated cells came from siblings, and the researchers extracted and transplanted very specific CD34 blood stem cells, which grow into all blood types.
淋巴细胞的干细胞，在胎生期来自肝脏，出生后则由骨髓产生。
The stem cells of lymphocytes are in the liver in fetal development and in the bone marrow in postnatal life.
结论本研究证明食管小细胞癌是一种高度恶性的肿瘤，组织发生上支持来自全能干细胞。
Conclusion this study indicate that small cell carcinoma of esophagus is highly malignancy, support its histogenesis may origin from the multipotent stem cells.
树突状细胞捕捉和搬运来自外界的信息给获得性免疫系统的细胞，所以树突状细胞架起了先天性免疫和获得性免疫之间的桥梁。
DC capture and transfer information from the outside to the cells of the adaptive immune system. Thus DCs bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems.
来自细胞悬浮培养物的条件培养基能显著地促进人参培养细胞的单细胞在较低细胞植板密度培养时的克隆形成。
Conditioned medium (CM) stemming from cell suspension culture could remarkably promote the formation of single cell clone from culture cells of Panax ginseng below a critical cell plating density.
来自细胞悬浮培养物的条件培养基能显著地促进人参培养细胞的单细胞在较低细胞植板密度培养时的克隆形成。
Conditioned medium (CM) stemming from cell suspension culture could remarkably promote the formation of single cell clone from culture cells of Panax ginseng below a critical cell plating density.
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