该病毒还会增加新脂肪细胞的脂肪灵敏度，并降低其瘦素分泌。
The virus also increases lipid sensitivity and decreases leptin secretion of the new fat cells.
“我们的研究是第一次成功地通过高脂肪膳食使肥胖小鼠的瘦素敏化。”他结着说。
"Our study is the first success in sensitizing obese mice on a high-fat diet to leptin," he said.
瘦素在胃部饱了的时候，就会“告诉”大脑该停止吃东西了，但是按照哈佛医学院研究人员的研究，它对大多数肥胖人群并不管用。
Leptin tells the brain to stop eating once the stomach is full, but fails to work effectively in most obese people, according to the study by researchers at the Harvard Medical School.
通常瘦素会随着进食的减少而下降，利普认为这次是稀薄的空气导致了这种变化。
Normally, those levels fall when food intake decreases, but in this case Lippl attributes the change to the thin air.
下丘脑是对瘦素起反应的最主要的大脑区域，通过传递信号来抑制食欲。
The hypothalamus is the primary brain region that responds to leptin, sending a signal that curbs appetite.
瘦素决定身体要储存或者消耗脂肪，困倦无力还是精神抖擞。
Leptin decides whether fat should be stored or used, resulting in lethargy or energy.
是肥胖扰乱了瘦素的作用，还是瘦素信号失常导致人们变得肥胖？
Does obesity disrupt the action of leptin, or does a malfunction in leptin signaling make people obese?
因为人类同样制造瘦素，研究者希望这一激素能减少肥胖人群的体重。
Because humans also produce leptin, researchers hoped giving the hormone to obese people would result in weight loss.
由于这一突变，老鼠不能生产功能性瘦素。
Because of the mutation, the mice could not make functional leptin.
最终，下丘脑认为瘦素浓度的升高是正常的——此后就永远把因体重减轻而引起的瘦素下降误解为饥饿的信号。
Eventually the hypothalamus interprets theelevated level of leptin as normal--and forever after misreads thedrops in leptin caused by weight loss as a starvation signal.
脂肪细胞为了告诉你已经吃饱了，会产生一种激素——瘦素。
Leptin is a hormone made by fat cells that tells you when you're full.
腿部脂肪的燃烧更易产生瘦素等激素，瘦素由脂肪分泌，能够影响食欲和新陈代谢，不过马诺洛波洛斯说人们对其认识还不够。
Leg fat may also be better at producing hormones such as leptin, which are made by fat and affect appetite and metabolism — although Manolopoulos said this is poorly understood.
通常情况下，瘦素会向大脑发送你已经吃饱的信号。
Normally, the hormone leptinsignals to the brain you’ve eaten enough.
同时，他说，睡眠不足会使身体释放更多的生长激素释放多肽和瘦素，前者会发出饥饿信号，后者则会告诉身体已经吃饱。
At the same time, Breus says, sleep deprivation causes your body to release more ghrelin, the hormone that signals hunger, and less leptin, the hormone that tells your body it's full.
当人或啮齿类动物体重下降10%或更多时，瘦素的水平就会急剧下降，引发一连串的生理变化，促使体重回升。
When humans (and rodents) lose 10% or more of their body weight, leptin falls rapidly and sets off a cascade of physiological changes that act to put weight back on.
当瘦素执行功能时，老鼠食欲减退，代谢加强，导致体重减少。
When treated with leptin, their appetites decreased and metabolism increased, causing them to lose weight.
随后，科学家跟踪瘦素下降原因，找到通路的源头——大脑下丘脑部。
The scientists then traced the leptin decline to a pathway that originates in the brain's hypothalamus.
太多的生长素，和太少的瘦素已被证明导致更大的胃口。
Too much ghrelin and too little leptin have been shown to result in a larger appetite.
但实际上，瘦素的作用是阻止体重下降，瘦素水平的下降会使人体进入生存模式，这是人体应对食物匮乏、脂肪储存下降的不利状况的运转模式。
Instead, leptin's role is to prevent weight loss, and a drop in leptin levels sends the body into survival mode when food is scarce and fat stores decline.
研究者很快发现，除了瘦素之外，还有一整套的化学物质给大脑发送信号，引发饥饿和饱腹的感觉。
Researchers soon found that in addition to leptin, a whole host of chemicals signal the brain to trigger hunger or fullness.
这种食物增加了瘦素的含量，一种增加饥饿感的激素(增加脂肪燃烧)，同时减少了胃肽(一种增加饥饿感的激素)的含量。
These kinds of meals increase levels of leptin, a hormone that decreases hunger (and boosts fat burning) and lowers levels of ghrelin, a hormone that increases hunger.
没有瘦素小鼠简直就是又懒又肥的绒毛球。
实际上，瘦素替代品“欺骗”了他们的身体，让身体忽略了曾经减肥的事实。
In effect, their bodies were tricked into overlooking the fact that it had lost weight.
研究人员最初认为，瘦素能向人体发出停止进食的信号，并希望将其用作减肥药。
Researchers originally thought leptin signaled the body to stop eating and hoped that it might be harnessed as a weight-loss drug.
这些实验证明由环境导致的大脑内BDNF增加和瘦素下降对肿瘤的缩小有着可观的有益作用。
These experiments confirmed that the environment-induced increase of BDNF in the brain and consequent decline in leptin were causatively involved in the observed beneficial effects.
当研究对象摄入瘦素替代品后，这类变化就被逆转，脑部活动重新回到减肥之前的状态。
When they were given replacement leptin, those changes were reversed and brain activity returned to what it had been before they lost weight.
但在此前研究中，研究对象摄入瘦素替代品后，成功地逆转了这一新陈代谢变化过程，进而保持了减肥成果。
However, in previous studies, when subjects were given replacement leptin, the metabolic changes were reversed and they were able to maintain their weight loss.
瘦素水平较低的个体，在用餐前对甜味刺激更敏感。而当他们用餐时，血糖水平上升更快。
However, individuals who had lower leptin levels, and thus more sweet-taste sensitivity before a meal, experienced sharper increases in blood-sugar levels when they had eaten.
这些患者的体重都下降了10%，被分成使用瘦素的试验组和使用安慰剂的对照组。
Their weight was reduced by 10% and they were given either replacement leptin or a placebo.
这些患者的体重都下降了10%，被分成使用瘦素的试验组和使用安慰剂的对照组。
Their weight was reduced by 10% and they were given either replacement leptin or a placebo.
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