用户密钥由用户空间程序操作。
User keys are defined to be manipulated by user-space programs.
用户空间程序不允许创建新的密钥类型。
User-space programs are not allowed to create new key types.
示例程序有两个组件：一个内核模块和一个用户空间程序。
The sample program has two components: a kernel module and a user-space program.
清单5 - 5是设计来执行上面系统调用的用户空间程序。
Listing 5-5 is the user space program designed to execute the system call above.
您可以使用gdb来调试用户空间程序或Linux内核。
You can use gdb to debug user-space programs or the Linux kernel.
Linux及其相关用户空间程序配有大量可以在各种环境下控制PC功耗所需的工具。
Linux and its associated user space programs have many of the tools necessary to master your PC power consumption in a variety of contexts.
strace命令是一种强大的工具，它能够显示所有由用户空间程序发出的系统调用。
The strace command is a powerful tool that shows all of the system calls issued by a user-space program.
现在，让我们写些个简单的用户空间程序，运行和测试一个这个新的系统调用。
Now, let's write a simple user space program to execute and test this new system call.
完成这些操作之后启动第一个用户空间程序(init)，并执行高级系统初始化工作。
When complete, the first user-space program (init) starts, and high-level system initialization is performed.
注意，当挂载文件系统时，会启动一个用户空间程序 nilfs_cleanerd，以提供垃圾收集服务。
Note that when the file system is mounted, a user-space program called nilfs_cleanerd is also started to provide garbage collection services.
这个用户空间程序在预定义的proc -entries上执行ioctl，这会导致对内核模块的调用。
When executed, the user-space program does an ioctl on pre-defined proc-entries, which results in a call to the kernel module.
因为这个用户空间程序将执行ioctl，内核模块必须注册proc _ ioctl函数来处理ioctl请求。
Because the user-space program will do an ioctl, the function proc_ioctl must be registered by the kernel module to handle ioctl requests.
第一个名为linux ，它含有支持XFS 的内核源代码树，而第二个称为cmd ，它包含各种XFS 用户空间程序源代码。
The first is called linux and contains an XFS-enabled kernel source tree, and the second is called cmd and includes sources for the various XFS userspace programs.
这个程序占用2.5 兆字节的磁盘空间，可以在标准个人电脑上运行。
The program takes up 2.5 megabytes of disk space and can be run on a standard personal computer.
如果小的收集释放了足够的堆空间，那么用户程序就可以立即恢复。
If the minor collection frees enough heap space, the user program can resume immediately.
持续的日志记录可能会填满系统中的空间，从而导致其他程序也耗尽空间并且执行失败。
Continuous logging can fill up space on the systems, causing other programs to also run out of space and fail.
这个调控器让用户或用户空间中的程序可以交互地修改处理器频率。
This governor allows the user or a program in userspace to interactively change the processor frequency.
表3总结了IBM已经实现的虚拟空间应用程序的功能和好处。
Table 3 summarizes capabilities and benefits of different virtual Spaces applications that IBM has implemented.
动态缓存也是应用程序地址空间的一部分。
The dynamic cache is also part of the application's address space.
正如我们期望的一样，这个程序会接收到一个SIGILL(信号编号为4)信号，其si代码为5，这是在用户空间的程序执行特权操作时产生的。
As expected, the program has received a SIGILL (signal number 4) with an si code of 5, which is set when a privileged opcode is executed by a user-space program.
用户可以输入应用程序空间名，然后单击Retrieveroles按钮。
A user can input an application space name and click on the Retrieve roles button.
即便如此，它仍然包括数据库协议开销，以及从服务器空间到应用程序空间的内存复制。
Even then, it still includes the database protocol overhead and memory copy from the server space to the application space.
这会将您带到应用程序项目空间中。
本节将介绍几个系统调用的构造，从而展示它们的实现和用户空间应用程序对它们的使用。
This section walks through the construction of a few system calls to demonstrate their implementation and use by a user-space application.
最上面是用户(或应用程序)空间。
您的应用程序空间的其它参与者可能不能发送或接收r mi通信。
These other players in your application space probably can't send or receive RMI communication.
当开发一个应用程序或者是其他的处于用户空间的程序时，开发者必须考虑其他人写的代码----操作系统，库函数，还有其他程序，等等。
When developing an application or other userspace program, the developer has to take into consideration the code written by others: the operating system, the libraries, other programs, etc.
当活跃的空间占满以后，程序就会停止，活跃的对象被从活跃的空间复制到不活跃的空间中。
When the active space fills up, the world is stopped and live objects are copied from the active space into the inactive space.
最后，系统调用接口提供了在用户空间应用程序和内核之间转移控制的方法。
In the end, the syscall interface provides the means to transfer control between the user-space application and the kernel.
为了简化实际的操作，创建了一些用户空间应用程序。
To make the actual operation easier, several user space applications have been created.
应用推荐