克拉克以理论和经验的论据驳斥了建构主义者的极端观点。
Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
他是一位坚定不渝的经验主义者，鲜有时间去研究理论。
He was an unswerving empiricist with little time for theory.
这个理论表明即使有一些无私的人将比自私条件下捐的多，但同样某些自利的人会捐的更少，这将抵消了利它主义者的额外贡献。
The theory shows that if some individuals contribute more than their share in an altruistic way, the more selfish individuals contribute even less, undoing some of the good done by the altruists.
很多经验主义者反对带有数字的理论，他们也不通过数据验证他们的理论，有时甚至完全拒绝数据的应用。
Most empirical exercises confront theory with numbers—they test theories against the data; sometimes they even reject them.
然而帝国主义者也许就能做到，也许以前的那些殖民冒险者们就已经为经济学家们提供了一些活生生的实例，而经济学家们需要做的只是用他们的理论去验证这些实例。
But perhaps imperialists can. Maybe the colonial adventures of the past provide the natural experiments economists need to put their theories to the test.
人们猜测奥地利和货币主义者志同道合，但是米尔顿弗里德曼却于1998年驳回了上述猜想，他表示：“奥地利商业周期理论对世界危害巨大。”
But Milton Friedman rejected their analysis, stating in 1998 that: “The Austrian business-cycle theory has done the world a great deal of harm.”
这些是一个灵活的人，一个实用主义者而非理论家的标志吗？
Are these the signs of a flexible man, a pragmatist rather than an ideologue?
实用主义者或许会声称，现在没有时间辩论经济理论，我们需要能证明结果的措施。
A pragmatist might contend that this is no time to quibble about economic theories. We need measures that get proven results.
自1954年费米去世后，还没有哪一位物理学家同时是一名精通的实验主义者和一名最主要的理论家。
Since Fermi's death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician.
的确，和他们的弟子相比，迪弗洛女士和班吉纳先生更是才能卓越的理论家和彻头彻尾的经验主义者。
Indeed, Ms Duflo and Mr Banerjee, perhaps more than some of their disciples, are able theorists as well as thoroughgoing empiricists.
但如今，连这个世界中的“化生博士”（新保守主义者）也在转而反对自己创造的怪物（他们的理论）。
But now even the Dr Frankensteins of this world are turning against their own creation.
要捍卫这一观点，客观主义者必须提供一套道德从何而来的理论，如此才能解释为何道德具有普遍约束力。 关于这个问题，目前客观主义主要提供了三个答案选项：1.
To defend such a view, the objectivist must offer a theory of where morality comes from, such that it can be universal in this way.
持自然权利论和无为而治思想的自由意志主义者们总是无法回避他们理论中的一些问题或空白点，其中之一就是税制。
Natural-rights, laissez-faire libertarians always confront several problems or lacunae in their theory. One is taxation.
“切实的制胜理论”是作家和博客写手，活命主义者领袖人物J.W罗里斯（J.W.Rawles）的重要格言。
"Tangibles trump conceptuals" is among the key precepts of leading survivalist author and blogger J.W. Rawles.
然而，传统的功利主义者接受了他们。这一事实使古典功利主义更复杂的理论，可能会出现比乍。
Yet classic utilitarians accepted them all. That fact makes classic utilitarianism a more complex theory than it might appear at first sight.
而另一方面，现代主义者接受达尔文提出的理论，即所有动物的生命，包括猿与人，均从同一祖先演化而来。
The modernists, on the other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin---that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.
基要主义者、进化理论家和那些特别创造说和智慧设计的人之间的凶猛辩是很好的例子。
The ferocious debate between fundamentalist evolutionary theorists and those who believe in creationism and intelligent design is a case in point.
“凯恩斯主义者”的谬误在于他们的理论前提：一切衰退，不论何时发生，都完全是“协调问题”的结果——错误预期导致需求不足。
The fallacy of the "Keynesians" is their premise that all slumps, all of the time, are entirely the result of "co-ordination problems" - mis-expectations causing a deficiency of demand.
功利主义者为打压提供了一种合理的理论。
Utilitarianism provides a plausible framework for deciding who should get trampled.
因此，我们必须检验它，用我们自己的判断力。当然，功利主义者当然会说，一旦我们权衡过支持和反对的意见之后，我们就应该接受这一理论。
For that, we have to examine the theory, and use our judgment – and utilitarians, of course, will say that we should accept the theory once we have assessed the case for and the case against.
或者，物理主义者只能，提供一个很蹩脚的解释，就像恶魔理论那样。
Or the physicalist can only do a rotten job of explaining, like demon theory did?
主义者，…信仰者：表示“某一具体的学说、理论或学派思潮的信徒或拥护者”
An adherent or advocate of a specified doctrine, theory, or school of thought.
在本部分也陈述了论文的理论基础，其中主要简述了丹麦基督教存在主义者克尔恺郭尔和瑞士神学家巴特的一些思想。
The main theoretical ideas of Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard and Swiss theologian Karl Barth for the thesis are also presented in this part.
没有人能够仅仅成为理论的素食主义者。
同时他也是古希腊最早的一位唯物主义者和原子理论的奠基人之一。
He was also one of the earliest materialists of ancient Greece and one of the founders of atomic theory.
根据建构主义的理论基础建构主义者提出了建构主义的学习观、教学观。
Constructivists submit their views of learning and teaching based on the theory of constructivism.
根据建构主义的理论基础建构主义者提出了建构主义的学习观、教学观。
Constructivists submit their views of learning and teaching based on the theory of constructivism.
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