从半环同态的角度出发，给出了半模的一个等价定义。
In this paper, give an equivalent definition of semi-module.
本文在引入半环概念的基础上，介绍半环同态、同余关系、单同余半环等概念，讨论两个同态半环之间单同余性质的关系。
This paper introduces the concept of semirings, homomorphism of semirings and congruence simple semirings, discusses the relation between two semirings.
本文首先定义了两个拟环之间的模糊同态映射。
The concept of fuzzy homomorphism between two near-ring was defined.
一个环R∈（M）当且仅当R的每一个非零同态象或者包含一个非零M理想或者有本质理想。
A ring Re, (M) iff each nonzero homomorphic image of R either contains a nonzero M-ideal or has an essential ideal.
最后对根投射模的自同态环进行了讨论。
Finally, the endomorphism ring of radical-projective modules is discussed.
通过对环的幂自同态结构的研究，刻画出无零因子环的所有幂自同态。
In this paper, we will completely characterize all power endomorphisms of rings without zero divisor.
通过对环的幂自同态结构的研究，刻画出无零因子环的所有幂自同态。
In this paper, we will completely characterize all power endomorphisms of rings without zero divisor.
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