在19世纪后期，生态学从它的自然历史和植物地理学的根源开始发展为一门独立的科学。
In the late nineteenth century, ecology began to grow into an independent science from its roots in natural history and plant geography.
我们的系主任告诉我，如果除了每门课的指定作业之外，我能够做独立的实地调查，那么完成这些调查就可以算作上了中级水平的课程。
My chairperson told me that if I did independent field research in addition to the assigned work in each course; they would count as intermediate-level courses.
这种协调功能决定了经济法的地位，即（1）相对于其他实体法律部门而言，经济法是一门具有独立性的边缘性学科。
Determine this kinds of coordination functions status of economic law, namely (1) as to law departments of other entities, the economic law is a edge discipline with independence .
其主要原因是因为第三部门的独立性不高，慈善资助不足及第三部门的管理体制混乱，政策法规不完善。
A low level of independence, shortage in charity and the disorderly management system are the major attributive reasons. There is room for development in polices and regulations.
其主要原因是因为第三部门的独立性不高，慈善资助不足及第三部门的管理体制混乱，政策法规不完善。
A low level of independence, shortage in charity and the disorderly management system are the major attributive reasons. There is room for development in polices and regulations.
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