目的分析活髓下颌第一磨牙根纵裂的解剖学病因。

Objective to study the anatomical factors of vertical root fractures (VRFs) on vital pulp of maxillary first molar.

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目的研究上颌第一磨牙根管口形态和位置关系，为根管治疗时寻找根管口提供解剖学依据。

Objective To study the shape and location of root canal orifice in maxillary first permanent molar and provide a morphological basis for locating canal orifice in endodontic therapy.

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目的研究上颌第一磨牙根管口形态和位置关系，为根管治疗时寻找根管口提供解剖学依据。

Objective To study the shape and location of root canal orifice in maxillary first permanent molar and provide a morphological basis for locating canal orifice in endodontic therapy.

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