你怎么开始学习满语的？你小的时候。
而满语的知识主要都是由像他这种来自中国偏远西北部地区的锡伯族人传承下来的。
Knowledge of the language is kept up mainly by people like him who belong to the Xibo people from China's far north-west.
以北京方言为例，尽管北京话是一种汉族语言，但它也体现了蒙古语和满语的痕迹。
The Beijing dialect for example, though being a language of the Han ethnic group, shows traces of Mongolian and Manchu languages.
赵女士(图)称自己是村里仅存的两个满语流利的人之一，也是守护濒临灭绝的满语的最后阵地之一。
Ms Zhao (pictured) calls herself one of only two fluent native speakers of Manchu left in the village, one of the last redoubts of a language that is verging on extinction.
从整体情况与具体情况调查来看，三家子村现存满语的衰落趋势已明显加速，经济文化也有很大变迁。
In view of both general and concrete states, the existing Manchu in Sanjiazi Village is accelerating on wane with the great transition of economy and culture.
三家子的只有一些村民会讲少量的满语。
如今剩下的两个人（另外一个也是86岁）偶而会用满语进行交流，上一次两人用满语聊天是在四个月前。
The two remaining (the other is also 86) sometimes chat to each other in Manchu. But Ms Zhao says the last time this happened was about four months ago.
受满语影响的汉语遂向南传播。
但赵兰芳认为这没多大作用，她说，满语老师们听不懂她所讲的满语。
But Ms Zhao does not think this will make much difference. The Manchu teachers, she says, do not understand her Manchu.
图书馆里存有可以追溯到1623年的巴厘语、满语、英语的专利资料。
Here or upstairs, in the library, are Balinese patents and Manchurian patents, and English patents dating back to 1623.
如今，在中国西北部的三家子村里，满语混合着香烟从八十六岁的赵兰凤那满布皱纹的嘴唇中吐出。
Today Manchu mixes with cigarette smoke blown through the wrinkled lips of 86-year-old Zhao Lanfeng in Sanjiazi, a village in China’s north-east.
本文通过丰富的例词探讨了满语中存在的元音屈折现象。
Based on abundant example words, the paper discusses that there exists inflectional vowels in Manchu.
本文精选哈佛燕京图书馆馆藏札克丹的两首满汉混合诗歌，并加笺释，以便人们对札克丹以及满语文学有更进一步的了解。
The paper selected two poems of Manchu-Chinese Verses of Jakdan stored in Yanjing Library of Harvard and made note of them so that people could get further acknowledge about Manchu literatures.
通过对满语谚语、蒙古语谚语内容及其民族文化特色的比较，可明显看到两种民族文化的共性与差异。
Through the comparison of the contents and the national cultural characteristics of the proverbs in these two languages, the difference between the two cultures can be clearly exhibited.
满语中有很多蒙古语借词，这与历史上满族和蒙古族的文化交流和语言接触有密切关系。
There are many Mongolian loanwords in Manchu language, which related to the culture and language communication between them.
准确掌握满语语气词的语义及用法对满语文的学习与研究具有重要意义。
Grasping the meaning and usage of mood words from Manchu is of great significance to Manchu studies.
语气词是满语虚词的一类，是本身没有词汇意义，表示句子各种语气，或为句子成分增加情态意义的词。
As function words, Manchu mood words are used to express kinds of moods, tones and manners of speaking without lexical meanings.
本文评介了《满语地名研究》一书的内容、特点和学术价值。
This article reviewed the content, characteristic and learning value of the book "the Research of the Man Language and Place Name".
国家加强了民族语言文字的收集整理和抢救工作，对满语、畲语、赫哲语、京语、仡佬语、土家语等民族语言文字展开调查和收集整理工作。
The state has strengthened efforts for the collection, editing and rescue work of ethnic languages and scripts, including those of the Manchu, She, Hezhen, Jing, Gelo and Tujia.
作为清王朝官方使用的语言文字，满语文曾经享有极高的显赫地位并发挥过重要作用。
As an official language and scripts, they had enjoyed tremendous high position and played essential role.
黑河地区曾是黑龙江省乃至全国满语使用较好的地区之一，也是研究满语、满族文化的重要基地。
Heihe had been a place where Manchu was spoken well as an intercommunicative language, and thus it has been considered as an important base for Manchu language and culture study.
女真语和满语之间存在较多相同语音特点的同时也存在一些不同的语音特点。
There are a lot of same pronunciation characteristics and some different pronunciation characteristics all together between Jurchen and Manchu words.
为汉语人群学习满语而编纂的满汉合璧字辞书通行于清代。并被多次刻印，形成诸多版本。
During the whole Qing dynasty, after being printed many times, lexicographical books compiled for Chinese people to learn Manchu language with both Manchu and Chinese have many versions.
《四书》修订稿本同时也是满文古籍文献研究、满语研究的重要对象之一。
So it could be taken as one of the important objects in Manchu ancient books and Manchu language research.
巴尔虎土语中的满语借词以名词、形容词、动词为主，大部分是表达物质文化和制度文化的词。
Of the Manchu loanwords in Bargo local dialect are mainly nouns, adjectives and verbs. These loanwords are mostly cultural words which deliver material and institutional culture.
满语“穆昆”，意为“家族、氏”。石姓穆昆的信仰体系是满族萨满教信仰观念的典型代表，它基本上涵盖了满族不同姓氏的祭祀对象。
The belief System of Shi family is a typical representation of Manchu Shamanism, which covers the sacrificing objects of different families in Manchu.
时间的推移，活动地域的变迁，社会成员民族成分比例的改变等一系列变化，反映到语言上，就造成了满语地名语音上的复杂性。
Such variations as time, living area and changes in proportion of different ethnic groups in a society all contributed to the complicated pronunciation of place names in Manchu.
如今，在中国东北部的三家子村里，满语从八十六岁的赵兰凤那喷云吐雾、布满皱纹的嘴唇中缓缓吐出。
Today Manchu mixes with cigarette smoke blown through the wrinkled lips of 86-year-old Zhao Lanfeng in Sanjiazi, a village in China's north-east.
1979年还有50人能流利的使用满语，而现在只剩下两个人。
1979年还有50人能流利的使用满语，而现在只剩下两个人。
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