然而，这种历史分期最基本的标准掩盖了大量的悖论。
Yet this most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes.
按美国的标准，一件真正的古董必须至少有100年的历史。
By US standards, a genuine antique must be at least 100 years old.
在农业方面尤其如此；农业的可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化角度加以适当的评价。
This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
根据最新的衡量标准，英国的国内生产总值一直受西方世界羡慕，其有历史最低的失业率和历史最高水平的经济增长速度。
By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record-low unemployment and high growth figures.
令人惊讶的是，这样的问题在标准的历史中很少受到关注，在标准的历史中欧洲探险家通常是英雄，有时是恶棍。
Such questions have received surprisingly little attention in standard histories, where European explorers are usually the heroes, sometimes the villains.
据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。
It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.
所以，你可以找到你所在地区（如果你的居住区是在名单上之一），把现在的比例与历史标准比较看看如何。
So you can find the area where you live (if you live in one of the areas on the list) and see how the ratios now compare to their historical norms.
问题的关键是，无论是按照历史标准还是与其它国家相比，我们税赋并不沉重。
The point is that we aren’t that heavily taxed, either by historical standards or in comparison with other nations.
历史标准看，有过这么陡峭的，但是没有像今年这样，这么容易就很陡峭的。
It's steep by historical standards, but it's not as steep as it was earlier this year.
对他们中的许多人而言这仅仅是回归历史标准的标志。
For many of them it merely marks a return to historical norms.
上周，德州委员会修订了其历史标准。
平均收入只上涨了2.1%，相比历史标准是一个很温和的数字。
Average earnings are rising by just 2.1%, a very muted rate by historical standards.
当股票组合以市值来衡量，根据历史的标准，市场是更加便宜了。
When portfolios of stocks are weighted by market values, the market is cheap by historical standards.
从那以后，这一比例跌回至20倍——仍就远高于历史标准。
Since then, the ratio has dipped back to about 20 — still far above the historical norm.
尽管股价已走出低点，但对照历史标准仍然便宜。
Share prices, though off their lows, look cheap by historic standards.
投资者正狂热购买固定收益资产，即使就历史标准而言的低收益和同样具有吸引力的银行利率(特别是在美国和英国)。
Investors are enthusiastic about buying fixed-income assets, even though yields are low by historical standards and the returns on cash (particularly in America and Britain) are as attractive.
苹果本季度的表现超出平均水平，但华尔街却给出了一个不现实的数字，完全背离了近期的历史标准。
Apple beat by its usual number, but Wall Street modeled for a number that was simply unrealistic by recent historical standard.
然而，按照历史标准来看，二者之间的息差(市场眼中的银行间拆借风险)仍然很高。
However the spread between these two - which measures the perceived riskiness of interbank lending - remained very high by historic standards.
这也高于历史标准，并且也使价格走低。
That's also high by historic standards, and also tends to push prices down.
“一般情况下，投资收益曲线越陡峭越好，”哥德·伯格说。“历史标准看，有过这么陡峭的，但是没有像今年这样，这么容易就很陡峭的。”
"Generally, the steeper the curve, the better," Goldberg said. "it's steep by historical standards, but it's not as steep as it was earlier this year."
2月16日出版的来自Fordham的研究报告，将每个州的历史标准质量作了划分。
A study from Fordham, published on February 16th, grades each state for the quality of its history standards.
与历史标准相比，原油和天然气的价格仍然相对较高，但是自7月以来已经下跌了一半。
Oil and gas are still relatively expensive by historical standards, but the prices have fallen by half since July.
作者自称写的是历史，以古代的历史标准来看，是这样，但以我们的标准来看，这是否是历史呢？
He sets himself up as writing a history by the ancient standards of history, but is it history by our standards of history?
也就是说，从来就没有唯一的标准，从来就没有无论何时何地，无论哪种场合，也无论哪个历史时期都能作为标准的东西。
This means that there cannot be a single standard by which an expression must be correct in all places, on all occasions, and at all periods of history.
如表3所示，华尔街在3月低点时回到平均估值区，但从历史标准来看，从来就没有进入低估区间。
As chart 3 shows, Wall Street got back to an average valuation by the March lows, but never looked particularly cheap by historical standards.
如表3所示，华尔街在3月低点时回到平均估值区，但从历史标准来看，从来就没有进入低估区间。
As chart 3 shows, Wall Street got back to an average valuation by the March lows, but never looked particularly cheap by historical standards.
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