然后考察了权利义务关系的基本历史形态：在原始社会，权利义务处于未分化状态；
It researches historical development of relationship between right and obligation: in primitive society, they were not separated;
这就引出问题，转录因子是否能直接诱导其它明确的体细胞，而不仅是未分化状态的细胞。
This raised the question of whether transcription factors could directly induce other defined somatic cell fates, and not only an undifferentiated state.
一些通常在发育胚胎中活跃的基因会被分化细胞(比如皮肤细胞)表达，促使细胞回复到未分化状态。
A handful of genes that are normally active in the developing embryo are expressed in a differentiated cell, such as a skin cell, causing that cell to revert back to its undifferentiated state.
胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)具有自我更新、无限增殖、保持未分化状态和向所有三个胚层分化的潜能。
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are unique cell populations with the ability of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, multipotent differentiation and maintaining their undifferentiated state.
目的：为保持胚胎干细胞的高度未分化状态，饲养层细胞成为胚胎干细胞体外培养中不可缺少的条件。
AIM: Feeder layer cells are the necessary condition to prevent the differentiation of embryonic stem cells cultured in vitro.
和10%四组中，2.5%血清有利于精原细胞生长并形成较多的集落，同时有利于维持精原细胞的未分化状态。
Among 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% groups, 2.5% FBS had profit on spermatogonial cells to grow and form more cell colonies, and profited to keep their undifferentiation state.
Q水经亚沸处理能显著提高ES细胞保持未分化状态的能力，优质胎牛血清能提高ES的AKP阳性度和克隆形成率。
Purification of Milli-Q water by sub-boiling distilled and employment of qualified FBS could increase the AKP staining positive level and total clone formation rate of mouse ES cells.
结论HPESCRG1基因是一个人类ES细胞中表达特异性新基因，很可能与人类ES细胞的自我更新和维持其未分化状态密切相关。
Conclusion HPESCRG1 was found to be a novel gene expressed specifically in human es cell, which might be related to self renewal of human es cell and maintaining its undifferentiated state.
为维持细胞在培养过程中的未分化状态，需要采用饲养层细胞培养，同时设计合理的培养液配方并添加多种抑制分化或促进增殖的细胞因子。
Feeder layer cells and suitable culture medium that supplemented with cytokines of promoting proliferation or restraining differentiation were crucial to keep chicken es in an undifferentiated state.
为维持细胞在培养过程中的未分化状态，需要采用饲养层细胞培养，同时设计合理的培养液配方并添加多种抑制分化或促进增殖的细胞因子。
Feeder layer cells and suitable culture medium that supplemented with cytokines of promoting proliferation or restraining differentiation were crucial to keep chicken es in an undifferentiated state.
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