1956年，晶体管电子计算机诞生了，这是第二代电子计算机。
In 1956, the birth of the transistor computer, which is the second-generation computer.
该系统由一单板微处理机和一套全晶体管电子点火装置组成，反馈信号由汽油机转速传感器检取。
The control system is made up of a single-board microcomputer and an electronic ignition system. The feedback signal is detected by a speed sensor.
传统晶体管使用一个叫做“栅极”的金属电极，以控制电子在平面硅基片上的沟道中的流动。
Conventional transistors use a metal electrode, called the gate, to control the flow of electrons through a planar channel in the silicon substrate.
从本质上讲，细胞可以被视作利用分子、离子、蛋白质和DNA，而非电子和晶体管的电路。
Essentially, cells may be viewed as circuits that use molecules, ions, proteins and DNA instead of electrons and transistors.
1956年，他和两位同事发明了电子晶体管，并在今后所有的用电设备中广泛使用，称为现代社会不可或缺的物质。
In 1956, with two colleagues, he developed the electrical transistor, a development which has facilitated the development of virtually every electronic device used in the modern world.
你可以使用一个便宜的npn型晶体管，比如2n2222，放大该脉冲到后续电子元件的接口。
You can use a cheap NPN transistor such as a 2n2222 to amplify this pulse, to interface with the next stage of electronics.
研究者们现已改良了石墨烯的生产工艺，正忙于将其转化为低功率电子元件，比如晶体管。
Researchers have now refined the production technique and are busy turning graphene into low-power electronic components such as transistors.
对电子和光子技术的掌握，引发了许多技术创新，它们开创了现代世界，为我们提供了激光器、晶体管、光电池和微芯片。
Mastering electrons and photons has led to technological innovations that built the modern world and gave us lasers, transistors, photovoltaic cells and microchips.
现在研究人员发现，它也能被用来制造一种透明的晶体管，可以用在电子书和头戴式显示器上。
Researchers have now found that it can also be used to build transistors that are transparent and hence suitable for use in electronic books and head-up displays.
顾名思义，晶体管常用作混频器，可以输出混频信号，并且是许多电子通讯系统的基本元件。
As the name suggests, mixers produce output signals with mixed frequencies and are fundamental components of many electronic communications systems.
晶体管越多就意味着芯片速度更快，而我们的电子设备就有更先进的功能。
More transistors means faster chips, and more advanced capabilities for our electronic devices.
计算机科学家哈里·波特(Harry Porter)博士用继电器制作了一台八位机。继电器是一种电子开关，是比Magic- 1用的晶体管更加简单的元器件。
Computer scientist Dr Harry Porter built his 8-bit machine from relays - electronic switches that are even simpler than the transistors used in Magic-1.
EInk的弹性显示器以一薄层不锈钢箔晶体管为基层，结合涂覆电子墨水显示材料的一片塑料基材。
E ink's flexible displays combine a thin stainless steel foil transistor substrate with electronic-ink display material that is coated on a plastic sheet.
例如，它可以被用来制造超高速电子晶体管，因为电子能在它内部以极高的速度移动。
For example, it could be used to make ultrafast transistors because electrons move through it at extremely high speeds.
问题是，用来制造逻辑电路的晶体管中保留着它们的电子态，因此当这些晶体管通电的时候，它们会包含任何可能的数据。
The problem is that the transistors used to make logic circuits hold their electronic state, and therefore any data they contain, only when powered up.
然后在氧等离子体中用电子束刻蚀法去除沟道区石墨烯形成晶体管的沟道。
They then defined the transistor channel using electron-beam lithography, removing graphene outside of channel regions with an oxygen plasma.
大部分电子产品都是集成电路制成的，也就是由晶体管和一些蚀刻到硅片上的小零件共同组成的微小芯片。
Most electronics are made in the form of integrated circuits, which are tiny chips that contain transistors and other components etched onto silicon wafers.
光电晶体管难以与电子晶体管竞争，这不仅仅是因为没有一项协议提供最好的制造方式。
Optical transistors, he says, will have a hard time competing with electrical ones, not least because there is no agreement over the best way to build them.
几百个微细的晶体管、晶片和其他电子零件被机械人“拾起并定位”到每块电子版上，多支机械手臂一起快速舞动，让人目不暇接。
Hundreds of tiny transistors, chips, and other electronic parts are attached to each circuit board by "pick and place" robots, whose multiple arms move almost too fast to follow.
当初强韧可靠的晶体管取代了脆弱不稳的真空管，为电子元件带来了飞跃性的进步。
ELECTRONICS made a huge leap forward when the delicate and temperamental vacuum tube was replaced by the robust, reliable transistor.
这台电磁式机器一直使用到1959年，然后就被遗弃在灰尘中，因为到了那个时期，首先使用电子管、接着晶体管、然后集成电路芯片的真正电子计算机先后问世。
The electromagnetic machine remained in use until 1959, by which time it was left in the dust by true electronic computers using first vacuum tubes, then transistors, then chips.
比如说，如果能用‘可控电子管’这种说法，就不要用‘晶体管’。
You don't say 'transistor' when you can use 'controllable electronic valve' -that sort of thing.
在1958年，计算机已经从由电子管驱动的庞然大物演变成较小、较轻的晶体管机器。
In 1958, computers had already evolved from huge tube-driven hulks into smaller, lighter, transistorized machines.
电视塔的上一次改造在2002年，设备由电子管更新为晶体管。
The last transformation at the tower was done in 2002, when equipment was changed from tube to transistor.
晶体管是电子产品的核心组成部分。
机械晶体管，更确切地可以称之为纳米电子机械系统（NEMS）晶体管，它可以在源极和漏极之间机械地构建或消除连接。
The mechanical transistor, more properly called a nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) transistor, creates and destroys the connection between source and drain mechanically.
富士通公司指出使用氮化镓高电子迁移率晶体管技术后，新型放大器功率比目前使用砷化镓晶体管的放大器的功率提高了6倍多。
Fujitsu points out that using GaN HEMT technology allows more than 6 times the output power of existing amplifiers using gallium-arsenide (GaAs) transistors.
这个公司已经很长时间控制了消费者电子产品的领域，从第一个便携式晶体管收音机到随身听到PlayStation，但是现在已身陷困境。
The company that long dominated the field of consumer electronics, from the first pocket transistor radio to the Walkman and the PlayStation, is in trouble.
电子组件——四千个晶体管组成的逻辑门电路所形成的微处理器核心——使用并五苯材料制成，这是一种易弯曲的有机材料，能作为某种半导体使用。
The electronic components-4, 000 transistors organised into the logic gates that form the core of a microprocessor-are made of pentacene, a flexible organic material that can act as a semiconductor.
电子组件——四千个晶体管组成的逻辑门电路所形成的微处理器核心——使用并五苯材料制成，这是一种易弯曲的有机材料，能作为某种半导体使用。
The electronic components-4, 000 transistors organised into the logic gates that form the core of a microprocessor-are made of pentacene, a flexible organic material that can act as a semiconductor.
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