最后，但不是最不重要的，是抽象程序的设计诀窍。
Last, but not least, we also introduce a design recipe for abstracting over programs.
调试器让开发人员在应用程序部署之前使用真实数据单步调试抽象程序代码。
The debugger allows developers to step through the abstract program code using real data before the application is deployed.
但是，如果您更喜欢在较抽象的层面上工作——在程序中使用简单的API或函数——那么该工具对于您来说就过于低级了。
However, if you prefer to work at a more abstract level — using simple APIs or function calls within a program perhaps — this tool may be too low level for you.
理想情况是，注释类型应当表示程序元素的抽象功能，而不是它们预期的消费。
Ideally, annotation types should represent abstract characteristics of a program element and not their expected consumption.
控制器以其抽象形式执行应用程序的逻辑。
Controllers carry out your application logic in its abstract form.
然后，程序功能就会渐渐的抽象为服务，它是通过依赖注射来管理的，并位于合适的服务层中。
Then, gradually, application functionality can be abstracted into services, which are managed via dependency injection and which reside in a proper service layer.
使用生成存根的应用程序可以利用抽象服务接口，并且这样与协议和WSIF客户机api分离。
Applications that use the generated stubs can use the abstract service interface and are thus insulated from the protocol and the WSIF client API.
允许我们定义抽象和可执行程序。
司法程序解决的不是抽象问题或假想情形，而是真实的当事人之间的事实之意间的事实在争端。
The judicial process deals not with abstract questions or hypothetical situations but with actual controversies between.
有大量样板文件的程序，但是无法抽象成函数
Programs that have a lot of boilerplate code that cannot be abstracted into functions
calculatorhelper类有一个narrow方法，可用来将抽象类型集中到特定的计算程序类型。
The calculatorHelper class's narrow method is used to focus the abstract type to the specific calculator type.
相反，他们处理可调用例行程序提供的抽象注册界面。
Instead, they deal with the abstract login interface that the callable routine provides.
虽然这确实需要一些XML的基础知识（理解元素是什么以及文档的基本结构），但还是对程序员抽象了解析的细节。
While this does require some basic knowledge of XML -- understanding what an element is and the basic structure of the document -- it still abstracts details about parsing from the programmer.
它们通过提高抽象层次，令程序设计人员比起“如何”更多地关注“做什么”，也就是说，抽象掉了机器层的细节。
They allow the programmer to focus more on "what" than on "how" by raising the level of abstraction; that is, details at the machine level are abstracted away.
只有内核才可以直接与SPU进行通信，因此需要将硬件接口抽象为系统调用或设备驱动程序。
Only the kernel can directly communicate with an SPU and therefore needs to abstract the hardware interface into system calls or device drivers.
确实很长，但是这种从业务领域到底层技术领域的抽象在每个业务应用程序中都会出现。
It is rather long, but this type of abstraction from the business-world domain to the underlying technology domain is present in every business application.
就像uml模型是应用程序架构的抽象一样，数据模型表示信息模型的抽象。
Like UML models that are abstractions of the application architecture, data models represent the abstraction of the information model.
它们提供了简化的抽象，使程序员可以更多的集中在业务逻辑上。
They provide a simplifying abstraction that allows programmers to concentrate principally on business logic.
我的看法是，要做高层的东西或建立完整的应用，首先你需要购买，建造，或借用提供适当抽象的程序库。
My view was that to do higher-level stuff, to build complete applications, you first needed to buy, build, or borrow libraries providing appropriate abstractions.
到目前为止，我已经讨论了如何在多个抽象级别、应用程序整个周期甚至开发生命周期本身中标识、记录和应用模式。
So far, I've talked about identifying, documenting, and applying patterns at multiple levels of abstraction, across the application life cycle, and even in the development life cycle itself.
模板以抽象方式描述组合应用程序，其中包括定义如何使用一组给定的组件组装复杂业务逻辑的信息。
A template describes a composite application in an abstract way, including information which defines how complex business logic is assembled out of a given set of components.
基本esb模式将应用程序组件抽象为一个服务集，这些服务通过总线进行交互(而不是通过直接的点到点通信交互)。
The basic ESB pattern abstracts application components into a set of services that interact through a bus rather than through direct, point-to-point communications.
我们会在《第13章-应用程序设计》的“可伸缩的抽象”中更多地探索这个概念。
We will explore this idea in greater detail in the section called "Scalable Abstractions" in Chapter 13, Application Design.
除了可以为XML内容创建特定于应用程序的抽象，此方法还可以以更为节省内存的方式使用事件对象。
In addition to letting you to create application-specific abstractions of your XML content, this approach can create a more memory efficient way of using event objects.
功能逻辑和本地化框架被抽象到处理程序类中。
The functional logic and localization framework are abstracted into a handler class.
抽象级别为应用程序和网站之间的交互，而不是应用程序或网站内的详细信息。
The level of abstraction is the interaction between the application and the Web site, but not the details within the application or the Web site.
通过这个抽象层，消费应用程序很容易切换使用的词典提供程序。
By using this layer of abstraction, consuming applications can easily swap out the dictionary provider they use.
随着应用程序架构引入的抽象概念越来越多，开发人员和dba之间就会越来越孤立。
As more and more abstraction is introduced into the application architecture, developers and DBAs have become increasingly isolated from one another.
应用程序仍需要抽象层。
应用程序仍需要抽象层。
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