正如我在上一讲最后提到的，我想做一些思考实验。
As I mentioned at the end of last lecture, what I want to do is offer us a set of thought experiments.
在这本书里，罗尔斯设计出了著名的、涉及到所谓“无知之幕”的思考实验。
In it, Rawls devised the famous thought experiment involving the "veil of ignorance."
在麦克斯韦尔最初的思考实验里，侏儒按照空气分子的初始速度把分子放在了两个互相连接的盒子里。
The homunculus in Maxwell's original thought experiment could sort the molecules of air found in two connected boxes according to their velocities.
他们开始会思考实验设备，将要在其中发生什么，在测试中什么样的事情他们可能会经历。
They start thinking about the testing facility, what's going to happen in it, and what kinds of things they might experience during the test.
通过让皮球再次下来，这个过程转就能化成为功——这是对麦克斯维尔最早的思考实验热冷气体移动的类推。
This can be turned into work by letting it fall down the staircase once again-an analogy of using the movement of hot and cold gases to do work in Maxwell's original thought experiment.
上面的仅仅是一个想法的实验，仅仅是思考一下你的一天，早上会是什么样子？
The above is only a thought experiment. Just thinking about your day, what will the early morning be like?
但在你深入思考牛顿之前，你会认为大部分17世纪以实验为依据的科学家都相信它。
But before you think less of Newton, consider that most experimental scientists of the 17th century believed in it too.
进入思考的实验。
的确在物理词条中我们可以找到万事万物的解释说明，但是没有人尝试找寻出，在这些真实实验的过程中，当我们在思考的时候，人类的大脑究竟发生了什么。
Sure, there we might find that everything is explicable in physical terms but nobody's ever tried to do any so realistic experiment on what's actually going on in a human brain when we think.
为了查明真相，我创建了“幸运学校”——一个简单的实验，检验通过让他们像幸运的人一样思考和行动能否增强人们的幸运度。
To find out, I created a "luck school" - a simple experiment that examined whether people's luck can be enhanced by getting them to think and behave like a lucky person.
实验表明，如果你改变人们说话的方式，就会改变他们思考的方式。
It turns out that if you change how people talk, that changes how they think.
例如，实验表明跟一个可以控制的话题相比，人们被要求去思考死亡时，他们会试图去提高他们的自尊。
For example, experiments show that when people are asked to think about their death, compared to a control topic, they seek to increase their self-esteem.
经过了很多的实验，等待，思考和质疑，这六年里我完成了四部纪录片和四本小说，就是为了有些事可做。
There was a lot of testing, waiting, pondering, questioning, and in six years I made four films and wrote four novels just to keep my energy going.
研究人员让参加实验的人观看经电脑修改的，表情模棱两可的照片，并让他们思考照片表达的是高兴还是愤怒。
The researchers showed experimental participants still photographs of faces computer-morphed to express ambiguous emotion and instructed them to think of these faces as either angry or happy.
换句话说，围绕着实验的科学活动的重点是在实验中获得的证据面前清晰地思考。
In other words, the scientific activity that surrounds experimentation is about thinking clearly in the face of evidence obtained as the result of an experiment.
人们越能获得数据，他们就越能真正实现与数据的互动，思考，消化，实验。
The more that people can have access to the data, the more they can really interact with it, think about it, digest it, and experiment with it.
正如我们能够知道的，对于这个实验而言，做一般性思考的参与者所要考虑的，为什么要保持良好的人际关系的原因并不重要。
As you can see, for the purposes of this experiment, the reason participants were thinking abstractly didn't matter so much.
不过这个实验品却带来了围绕分层部署的深刻思考。
Yet this experiment comes with deep considerations around tiered deployment.
这个实验的核心思想是让人们质疑经历的本质，并思考作为一个人的真正意义是什么。
At its heart, the exercise asks you to question the nature of experience, and to consider what it really means to be human.
巧妙设计的实验显示，爱情使我们以不同的方式思考在于它引发全局思维模式继而促进创造性思维抑制分析性思维。
The clever experiments demonstrated that love makes us think differently in that it triggers global processing, which in turn promotes creative thinking and interferes with analytic thinking.
反复思考这些方程式，探索合适的模式，试图寻找隐含的关系，把实验结果联系起来——由不确定性和可能性参加的无尽的浑沌舞蹈。
Ruminating over these equations, seeking patterns, looking for hidden relationships, trying to make contact with measured data—it's all uncertainty and possibility engaged in an endless chaotic dance.
在实验中，调查者引导人们去思考信用卡或现金作为支付手段时的情况，他们接下来了解大家采用不同支付方式时对商品的评价。
In the experiments, the authors induced people to think about either credit cards or cash as means of payment.
参与实验的志愿者进入较多梦的REM阶段，或快速眼动期(rapid eye movementsleep)，都较能以水平思考解决新的问题。
Volunteers who had entered REM or rapid eye movement sleep - when most dreams occur - were then better able to solve a new problem with lateral thinking.
通过分析功能磁共振成像扫描，该软件能够确定实验对象在思考时其大脑的被激发部位。
The software analyzes functional MRI scans to determine what parts of a person's brain is being activated as he or she thinks.
当实验对象大脑思考数打具体名词比如“熊”、“锤子”时，该系统对其进行首次扫描可使系统获得最佳的工作表现。
The system works best when a person is first scanned while thinking of dozens of different concrete nouns - words like "bear" or "hammer."
当实验对象大脑思考数打具体名词比如“熊”、“锤子”时，该系统对其进行首次扫描可使系统获得最佳的工作表现。
The system works best when a person is first scanned while thinking of dozens of different concrete nouns - words like "bear" or "hammer."
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